< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kupiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

Causative of *kupъ (“heap, pile”) +‎ *-iti. Akin to Lithuanian kaũpti (“to pile up, to dig up”)[1].

In modern languages, mostly superseded by the Germanic loanword *kupiti (“to purchase”) (Etymology 2).

Verb

*kupìti impf[2]

  1. to pile, to gather
Inflection
Conjugation of *kupiti, *kupi, *kupitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*kupľenьje *kupiti *kupitъ *kupilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *kupľenъ *kupimъ
Active *kupľь *kupę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *kupixъ*kupi*kupi *kupľǫ*kupiši*kupitь
Dual *kupixově*kupista*kupiste *kupivě*kupita*kupite
Plural *kupixomъ*kupiste*kupišę *kupimъ*kupite*kupętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *kupľaaxъ*kupľaaše*kupľaaše —*kupi*kupi
Dual *kupľaaxově*kupľaašeta*kupľaašete *kupivě*kupita—
Plural *kupľaaxomъ*kupľaašete*kupľaaxǫ *kupimъ*kupite—
    Notes:
  • (*)*kupivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Derived terms
  • *sъvъkupiti (“to assemble”)
  • *kupitьba (“collection”)
  • *kupьščina (“pile, assembly”)
  • *kupišče (“stack, large amount”)
  • *kupьnъ (“piled, gathered”)
    • *kupьno (“together, simultaneously”) (adverb)
Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: купитисѧ (kupitisę)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kupiti (sę) II”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 112

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *kaupijaną (“to trade”) probably via Gothic (compare Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐍉𐌽 (kaupōn)), itself from Latin caupō (“tradesman”), possibly ultimately from Hittite 𒄩𒀊𒉺𒅈 (ḫappar, “purchase, price”)[3] (from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ep-). The Germanic lemma is also loaned in Finnish kaupita.

Verb

*kupìti pf (imperfective *kupovati)[4][5]

  1. to buy, to trade
Inflection
Conjugation of *kupiti, *kupi, *kupitь (perf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*kupľenьje *kupiti *kupitъ *kupilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *kupľenъ —
Active *kupľь —
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *kupixъ*kupi*kupi *kupľǫ*kupiši*kupitь
Dual *kupixově*kupista*kupiste *kupivě*kupita*kupite
Plural *kupixomъ*kupiste*kupišę *kupimъ*kupite*kupętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular ——— —*kupi*kupi
Dual ——— *kupivě*kupita—
Plural ——— *kupimъ*kupite—
    Notes:
  • (*)*kupivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
  • In perfective verbs, present expresses future
  • *kupъ (“purchase, stock”)
    • *podъkupъ (“bribe”)
    • *otъkupъ (“ransom”)
    • *pokupъka (“purchase”)
Derived terms
  • *kupľa (“trade”)
  • *kupľьnъ (“commercial”)
  • *kupьcь (“trader, buyer”)
  • *kupьčьjь (“merchant”)
Descendants

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “купить”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kupiti I”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 109
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “купя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 142

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2015) “kaupti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 233
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001) “(sъ-vъ-)kupiti: -kupjǫ -kupitь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b sammenfatte (PR 137)”
  3. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κάπηλος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 638
  4. Olander, Thomas (2001) “kupiti: kupjǫ kupitь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b købe (PR 137)”
  5. Snoj, Marko (2016) “kupīti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*kupi̋ti”
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