< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kroma

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Likely from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krem-, an extension of *(s)ker- (“to cut”). Akin to German Schramme (“scratch”), possibly Ancient Greek κρημνός (krēmnós, “river bank”).

Noun

*krōmà f

  1. edge, boundary
  2. slice

Usage notes

In a number of daughter languages, the locative case *kromě[1] is used as a preposition with meaning except, but.

Alternative forms
  • *kromъ m

Inflection
Declension of *kromà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
singular dual plural
nominative *kromà *kròmě *kromỳ
genitive *kromỳ *kromù *kròmъ
dative *kromě̀ *kromàma *kromàmъ
accusative *kromǫ̀ *kròmě *kromỳ
instrumental *kromòjǫ, *kròmǫ** *kromàma *kromàmī
locative *kromě̀ *kromù *kromàsъ, *kromàxъ*
vocative *kromo *kròmě *kromỳ
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms
  • *kromъka (diminutive)
  • *sъkromъ (“restricted”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: кромъ m (kromŭ)
    • Russian: крома́ (kromá, “barrier”) (dialectal)
      • ⇒ Russian: кро́мка (krómka) (diminutive)
      • ⇒ Russian: кро́ме (króme), окро́ме (okróme), окромя́ (okromjá)
    • Ukrainian: кро́ма (króma, “barrier”)
  • South Slavic:
    • ⇒ Old Church Slavonic: кромѣ (kromě)
    • ⇒ Bulgarian: кроме (krome) (dated)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      ⇒ Cyrillic script: кроме, кромје
      ⇒ Latin script: krome, kromje
  • West Slavic:

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “крома”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*kroma/*kromъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 185
  • Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “скром”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 802
  • крома in Горох.ua

References
  1. Olander, Thomas (2001) “kromě”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b udenfor, pånær (PR 136)”
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