< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kopanь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Deverbial action noun of *kopati (“to dig”) +‎ *-nь, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep-. Akin to Ancient Greek κόπανος m (kópanos, “bat”), κόπανον n (kópanon, “vessel for braying”), whence comes the Late Balkan Slavic loanword копанъ (kopanŭ, “bat for laundry; poultry leg”) encountered in Bulgarian and Macedonian.

Noun

*kȍpanь f

  1. digging
    Synonyms: *oranь, *rovenьje
  2. ditch
    → (by extension) hollow, pit, trough
    Synonyms: *хorlupa, *dьgna, *jama, *dupa

Declension
Declension of *kȍpanь (i-stem, accent paradigm c)
singular dual plural
nominative *kȍpanь *kȍpani *kȍpani
genitive *kopaní *kopanьjù, *kopaňu* *kopanь̀jь
dative *kȍpani *kopanьmà *kȍpanьmъ
accusative *kȍpanь *kȍpani *kȍpani
instrumental *kopanьjǫ́ *kopanьmà *kopanьmì
locative *kopaní *kopanьjù, *kopaňu* *kȍpanьxъ
vocative *kopani *kȍpani *kȍpani
* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
  • *kopъ m (“earthwork, act of digging”)
  • *kopьna (“plowed land”)

Derived terms
  • *kopanьje (“digging”)
  • *kopaňa (“trough”)
  • *kopanъka (“vessel”)
  • *kopanica (“engraving, ditch”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: копань (kopanĭ)
      • Russian: ко́пань (kópanʹ, “pit”) (obsolete)
      • Ukrainian: ко́пань (kópanʹ, “earthwork”) (obsolete)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic: копань (kopanĭ)
      ⇒ Romanian: copaie
    • Bulgarian: ко́пан (kópan), копа́не (kopáne)
      → копа́нка (kopánka) (diminutive)
    • → Macedonian: копанка (kopanka) (diminutive)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: ко̀па̄њ (obsolete, dialectal)
      Latin script: kòpānj (obsolete, dialectal)
  • West Slavic:

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kopanь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 16
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “копан¹ (bat for laundry)”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 608
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “копаня”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 609
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