< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gvozdъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gwesd- (“dense, compact”), apparently via o-stem Proto-Balto-Slavic *gwázdas. Akin to Proto-Germanic *kwastuz (“tuft; tassel”) (u-stem), Albanian gjeth (“foilage”) (i-stem), possibly Old Armenian կոշտ (košt, “stump, clod”) (i-stem).

Noun

*gvо̀zdъ m[1][2]

  1. dense woodland, holt, thicket
    Synonyms: *gǫstakъ, *čęšča

Declension
Declension of *gvòzdъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)
singular dual plural
nominative *gvòzdъ *gvozdà *gvozdì
genitive *gvozdà *gvozdù *gvòzdъ
dative *gvozdù *gvozdòma *gvozdòmъ
accusative *gvòzdъ *gvozdà *gvozdỳ
instrumental *gvozdъ̀mь, *gvozdòmь* *gvozdòma *gvòzdy
locative *gvozdě̀ *gvozdù *gvòzděxъ
vocative *gvozde *gvozdà *gvozdì
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
  • *gvozditi (“to stiffen”)
    • *gvozdьnъ, *gvozděnъ (“stiff, iron”)
  • *gvozdь, *gvozdьjь (“peg, nail”)

Descendants
  • South Slavic:
    • Serbo-Croatian: (Kajkavian, archaic)
      Cyrillic script: гво̏зд
      Latin script: gvȍzd
    • Slovene: gọ̏zd, gọ̑zd (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gvozdъ/*gvozdь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 185

References
  1. Olander, Thomas (2001) “gvozdъ gvozda”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b forest, thicket (NA 119f.; SA 156)”
  2. Snoj, Marko (2016) “gozd”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. [...] *gvozdъ̏”
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