< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dobrъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dabras, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₂ebʰ- (“to fashion, fit”). Latin faber (“craftsman; smith”) suggests Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₂ebʰ-ro-s.

Cognate with Latvian dabravecis (“brave, prudent man”).

Adjective

*dòbrъ (comparative *lučьjь or *uňьjь)[1][2][3][4][5]

  1. good, right (suitable, appropriate, proper, adequate, relevant)
    Antonym: *zъlъ
  2. (of people) fit, suitable
  3. (of people) good (hard-working; conscientious, dutiful, scrupulous, fluent, proficient)
  4. (of people) healthy
    Synonym: *sъdòrvъ
    *dòbro sъdòrvьje ― wellness, well-being
  5. (of time) good (proper, appropriate; advantageous)
    *dòbrъ čàsъ ― proper, appropriate, right time
    *dòbrъ čàsъ ― happy, auspicious time
  6. (of medicine) good (proper, effective)
  7. (of items) good (having a high quality; not damaged, not worn)
  8. (of soil, land) fertile
    Synonym: (North Slavic) *žiznъ
    *dòbra zemľà ― fertile soil
  9. (of animals) efficient, fully operational
    *dòbrъ kòňь ― efficient, fast, strong horse
  10. (of food) good (tasty)
    *dòbra vodà ― tasty (fresh?) water
    (West and South Slavic) *dòbro ědlo ― good food
  11. good (beneficial)
    *dòbrъ uroďajь ― abundant, rich harvest
  12. presaging, heralding good fortune, prosperity, success, happiness
    *dòbro ùtro ― good morning
    *dòbrъ dь̏nь ― good day
    *dòbra nòťь ― good night
  13. (of measurements) significant, considerable, largish
    *dòbra starostь ― advanced, old age
  14. (figuratively) good (kind, friendly, welcoming)
    *dòbra my̑slь ― optimism, cheerfulness
    *dòbra my̑slь ― noble intention
    *dòbro sь̑rdьce ― kindness
    *dòbra voľà ― good will
    *dòbra voľà ― free will
  15. (figuratively) good (moral, ethical)
    *dòbrъ čelověkъ ― good man

Declension

Accent paradigm b.

Indefinite declension of *dobrъ (hard)
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative *dobrъ *dobra *dobro
genitive *dobra *dobry *dobra
dative *dobru *dobrě *dobru
accusative *dobrъ *dobrǫ *dobro
instrumental *dobromь *dobrojǫ *dobromь
locative *dobrě *dobrě *dobrě
vocative *dobre *dobro *dobro
dual masculine feminine neuter
nominative *dobra *dobrě *dobrě
genitive *dobru *dobru *dobru
dative *dobroma *dobrama *dobroma
accusative *dobra *dobrě *dobrě
instrumental *dobroma *dobrama *dobroma
locative *dobru *dobru *dobru
vocative *dobra *dobrě *dobrě
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative *dobri *dobry *dobra
genitive *dobrъ *dobrъ *dobrъ
dative *dobromъ *dobramъ *dobromъ
accusative *dobry *dobry *dobra
instrumental *dobry *dobrami *dobry
locative *dobrěxъ *dobraxъ *dobrěxъ
vocative *dobri *dobry *dobra
Definite declension of *dobrъ (hard)
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative *dobrъjь *dobraja *dobroje
genitive *dobrajego *dobryję̇ *dobrajego
dative *dobrujemu *dobrěji *dobrujemu
accusative *dobrъjь *dobrǫjǫ *dobroje
instrumental *dobryjimь *dobrǫjǫ *dobryjimь
locative *dobrějemь *dobrěji *dobrějemь
vocative *dobrъjь *dobraja *dobroje
dual masculine feminine neuter
nominative *dobraja *dobrěji *dobrěji
genitive *dobruju *dobruju *dobruju
dative *dobryjima *dobryjima *dobryjima
accusative *dobraja *dobrěji *dobrěji
instrumental *dobryjima *dobryjima *dobryjima
locative *dobruju *dobruju *dobruju
vocative *dobraja *dobrěji *dobrěji
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative *dobriji *dobryję̇ *dobraja
genitive *dobrъjixъ *dobrъjixъ *dobrъjixъ
dative *dobryjimъ *dobryjimъ *dobryjimъ
accusative *dobryję̇ *dobryję̇ *dobraja
instrumental *dobryjimi *dobryjimi *dobryjimi
locative *dobryjixъ *dobryjixъ *dobryjixъ
vocative *dobriji *dobryję̇ *dobraja

Derived terms
nouns
  • *dobrakъ m
  • *dobranъ m
  • *dobrějь m
  • *dobrica f
  • *dobrika f
  • *dobrikъ m
  • *dobrina f
  • *dobriťь m
  • *dobrьcь m
  • *dobro n
  • *dobrodějь m
  • *dobropoľe n
  • *dobrostь f
  • *dobrota f
  • *dobrotь f
  • *dobroxotъ m
  • *dobruša m or f
  • *dobrušь m
  • *dobruxa m or f
  • *dobruxъ m
  • *dobrъkъ m
  • *dobryni f
  • *dobryňi f
  • *dobřakъ m
verbs
  • *dobrěti impf
  • *dobriti impf
  • *dobrovati impf
  • *odobriti pf
  • *podobriti pf
adjectives
  • *dobravъ
  • *dobrečьkъ
  • *dobrenьkъ
  • *dobręsťь
  • *dobręťь
  • *dobričьkъ
  • *dobročęstъ
  • *dobromyslъ
  • *dobrosьrdъ
  • *dobrotivъ
  • *dobrotьnъ
  • *dobrovolьnъ
  • *dobručьkъ
  • *dobrušьkъ
  • *dobrutъkъ
adverbs
  • *dobra
  • *dobrě
  • *dobro
  • *dobromь
  • *dobrovolьně
  • *dobrovolьno
  • *dobry
proper nouns
  • *Dobrogostъ m
  • *Dobromirъ m
  • *Dobromyslъ m
  • *Dobroslavъ m
nouns
adjectives

Descendants

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*dobrъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 110: “adj. o ‘good’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001) “dobrъ dobra dobro”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b (SA 123; (PR 135); PR 136)”
  3. Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dobrъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 45
  4. Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1979), “dobrъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 3 (davьnъ – dobirati sę), Wrocław: Ossolineum, →ISBN, page 310
  5. Klotz, Emanuel (2017) “*da̱bru”, in Urslawisches Wörterbuch [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in German), 1st edition, Wien: Facultas, →ISBN, page 86

Further reading
  • Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “dobry”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 115
  • Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “dobry”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), volume 278
  • Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “dobry”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego, page 151
  • Vasmer, Max (1964) “до́брый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 1 (А – Д), Moscow: Progress, pages 520-521
  • Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “до́брий”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
  • Martynaŭ, V. U., Tsykhun, G. A., editors (1978–2017), “до́бры”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “добъ́р”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 402
  • Skok, Petar (1971) “dobar”, in Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika [Etymological Dictionary of the Croatian or Serbian Language] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 1 (A – J), Zagreb: JAZU, page 420
  • Snoj, Marko (2016) “dọ́ber”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si
  • The template Template:R:cs:Rejzek:2007 does not use the parameter(s): 
    2=140
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    "dobrý" in Jiří Rejzek, Český etymologický slovník, electronic version, Leda, 2007
  • Machek, Václav (1968) “dobrý”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka českého [Etymological Dictionary of the Czech Language], 2nd edition, Prague: Academia, page 122
  • Králik, Ľubor (2016) “dobrý”, in Stručný etymologický slovník slovenčiny [Concise Etymological Dictionary of Slovak] (in Slovak), Bratislava: VEDA; JÚĽŠ SAV, →ISBN, page 128
  • Schuster-Šewc, Heinz (1978) “dobry”, in Historisch-etymologisches Wörterbuch der ober- und niedersorbischen Sprache [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Upper and Lower Sorbian Language] (in German), numbers 3 (čurać – ewangelski), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, →ISBN, page 156
  • Havlová, Eva, editor (1992), “dobrъ”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského [Etymological Dictionary of the Old Church Slavonic Language] (in Czech), numbers 3 (dělo – gospodь), Prague: Academia, →ISBN, page 137
  • The template Template:R:pox:SejDp does not use the parameter(s): 
    3=1
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    Lehr-Spławiński, T., Polański, K. (1962) “dübrĕ”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka Drzewian połabskich [Etymological Dictionary of the Polabian Drevani Language] (in Polish), numbers 1 (A – ďüzd), Wrocław, Warszawa etc.: Ossolineum, page 129
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