Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьstvo

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-istwa, from Proto-Indo-European *-twom. See also *-tvo.

Compare Sanskrit -त्व (-tva, “-ness, -hood”).

Suffix

*-ьstvo n

Deadjectival, forming nouns denoting a condition or state. Equivalent of English -hood, -ness.
*bogatъ (“rich, wealth”) → *bogatьstvo (“wealth, fortune; richness”)

*lǫkavъ (“evil, cunning”) → *lǫkavьstvo (“wickedness, cunningness”)

*mъnogъ (“many”) → *mъnožьstvo (“multitude, crowd”)
Denominal, forming nouns denoting a performance or carrying of action. Equivalent of English -hood, -ness.
*gospodь (“lord, master”) → *gospodьstvo (“power, rule, government”)

*děva (“maiden, virgin”) → *děvьstvo (“virginity, purity”)

*mǫžь (“man, husband”) → *mǫžьstvo (“masculinity, manhood”)
Deverbal, forming nouns denoting an action. Equivalent of English -hood, -ness.
*dějati (“to do, act”) → *dějьstvo (“performance, operation”)

*čuti (“to feel, perceive”) → *čujьstvo, *čuvьstvo (“feeling, emotion”)

Declension

Declension of *-ьstvo (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*-ьstvo	*-ьstvě	*-ьstva
genitive	*-ьstva	*-ьstvu	*-ьstvъ
dative	*-ьstvu	*-ьstvoma	*-ьstvomъ
accusative	*-ьstvo	*-ьstvě	*-ьstva
instrumental	-ьstvъmь, -ьstvomь^*	*-ьstvoma	*-ьstvy
locative	*-ьstvě	*-ьstvu	*-ьstvěxъ
vocative	*-ьstvo	*-ьstvě	*-ьstva

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ьstvo

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: -ьство (-ĭstvo)
  - Belarusian: -ства (-stva), -ство́ (-stvó)
  - Russian: -ство (-stvo)
  - Ukrainian: -ство (-stvo)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: -ьство (-ĭstvo)
  
  Glagolitic: ⱐⱄⱅⰲⱁ (ĭstvo)
- Bulgarian: -ство (-stvo)
- Macedonian: -ство (-stvo)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: -ство
  
  Latin script: -stvo
- Slovene: -stvo
West Slavic:
- Czech: -stvo, -ství
- Old Polish: -stwo
  - Polish: -stwo
  - Silesian: -stwo
- Slovak: -stvo
- Slovincian: -stvô, -ctvô
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: -stwo
  - Upper Sorbian: -stvo

References

Šekli, Matej (2012) “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies‎ (in Slovene), volume 10, number 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32

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