< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/židъkъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From an earlier *židъ + *-ъkъ. Further origin disputed:
- Snoj, Vasmer: From Proto-Indo-European *gʷeydʰ-, akin to Ancient Greek δεῖσα (deîsa, “slime, filth”) (either via s-extension or perhaps cognate with related jā-stem *žiďa) and/or Old Norse kveisa (“colic”). Doubted by Derksen.
- Derksen: Instead akin to Old Armenian գէջ (gēǰ, “moist”) from Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰeydʰ- (given as *gʰeydʰ- by Derksen).
- Machek: Related to Lithuanian gaidrùs, giẽdras (“clear, ludic”), Latvian dzidrs (“clear, transparent”) and questionably Latvian šķidrs (“liquid”), allegedly from (possibly s-mobile) Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰəyd- ~ *gʷʰēyd-. PIE reconstruction due to Pokorny based on presumed parallels with Ancient Greek φαιδρός (phaidrós, “bright”) (alternatively derived from unrelated *bʰeh₂- (“to shine”)).
Adjective
Declension
Accent paradigm C.
Indefinite declension of *židъkъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *židъkъ | *židъka | *židъko |
| genitive | *židъka | *židъky | *židъka |
| dative | *židъku | *židъcě | *židъku |
| accusative | *židъkъ | *židъkǫ | *židъko |
| instrumental | *židъkomь | *židъkojǫ | *židъkomь |
| locative | *židъcě | *židъcě | *židъcě |
| vocative | *židъče | *židъko | *židъko |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *židъka | *židъcě | *židъcě |
| genitive | *židъku | *židъku | *židъku |
| dative | *židъkoma | *židъkama | *židъkoma |
| accusative | *židъka | *židъcě | *židъcě |
| instrumental | *židъkoma | *židъkama | *židъkoma |
| locative | *židъku | *židъku | *židъku |
| vocative | *židъka | *židъcě | *židъcě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *židъci | *židъky | *židъka |
| genitive | *židъkъ | *židъkъ | *židъkъ |
| dative | *židъkomъ | *židъkamъ | *židъkomъ |
| accusative | *židъky | *židъky | *židъka |
| instrumental | *židъky | *židъkami | *židъky |
| locative | *židъcěxъ | *židъkaxъ | *židъcěxъ |
| vocative | *židъci | *židъky | *židъka |
Definite declension of *židъkъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *židъkъjь | *židъkaja | *židъkoje |
| genitive | *židъkajego | *židъkyję̇ | *židъkajego |
| dative | *židъkujemu | *židъcěji | *židъkujemu |
| accusative | *židъkъjь | *židъkǫjǫ | *židъkoje |
| instrumental | *židъkyjimь | *židъkǫjǫ | *židъkyjimь |
| locative | *židъcějemь | *židъcěji | *židъcějemь |
| vocative | *židъkъjь | *židъkaja | *židъkoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *židъkaja | *židъcěji | *židъcěji |
| genitive | *židъkuju | *židъkuju | *židъkuju |
| dative | *židъkyjima | *židъkyjima | *židъkyjima |
| accusative | *židъkaja | *židъcěji | *židъcěji |
| instrumental | *židъkyjima | *židъkyjima | *židъkyjima |
| locative | *židъkuju | *židъkuju | *židъkuju |
| vocative | *židъkaja | *židъcěji | *židъcěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *židъciji | *židъkyję̇ | *židъkaja |
| genitive | *židъkъjixъ | *židъkъjixъ | *židъkъjixъ |
| dative | *židъkyjimъ | *židъkyjimъ | *židъkyjimъ |
| accusative | *židъkyję̇ | *židъkyję̇ | *židъkaja |
| instrumental | *židъkyjimi | *židъkyjimi | *židъkyjimi |
| locative | *židъkyjixъ | *židъkyjixъ | *židъkyjixъ |
| vocative | *židъciji | *židъkyję̇ | *židъkaja |
Derived terms
- *židъkostь (“fluidity; liquid (substance)”)
Related terms
- *židěti, *židiti (“to dilute”)
- *žiďa (“liquid manure”)
- *židostь (“juiciness, liquidity”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: жы́дкі (žýdki)
- Russian: жи́дкий (žídkij)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: жидъкъ (židŭkŭ)
- Bulgarian: жи́дък (žídǎk), жи́тък (žítǎk) (dialectal)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: жи̏дак, жи́дак
- Latin script: žȉdak
- Slovene: žídǝk
- West Slavic:
- Czech: židký
- Old Polish: żydki
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: židki
- Lower Sorbian: žydki
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “жидкий”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “житък”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 549
- “gaidrus”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008) “*židъkъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 562
- Olander, Thomas (2001) “žid(ъkъ)”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c flydende, tynd (PR 138)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016) “židek”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *ži̋dъkъ”
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