< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/četvьrtъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
| ← 3 | 4 | 5 → |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: *četyre Ordinal: *četvьrtъ Adverbial: *četyre šьdy, *četyre kortь Multiplier: *četverъnъ, *četyre kortьnъ Collective: *čеtvеrо Fractional: *četvьrtina, *četvьrtь, *četvьrtъka | ||
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ketwirtas, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwr̥tHos.
Declension
Indefinite declension of *četvьrtъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *četvьrtъ | *četvьrta | *četvьrto |
| genitive | *četvьrta | *četvьrty | *četvьrta |
| dative | *četvьrtu | *četvьrtě | *četvьrtu |
| accusative | *četvьrtъ | *četvьrtǫ | *četvьrto |
| instrumental | *četvьrtomь | *četvьrtojǫ | *četvьrtomь |
| locative | *četvьrtě | *četvьrtě | *četvьrtě |
| vocative | *četvьrte | *četvьrto | *četvьrto |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *četvьrta | *četvьrtě | *četvьrtě |
| genitive | *četvьrtu | *četvьrtu | *četvьrtu |
| dative | *četvьrtoma | *četvьrtama | *četvьrtoma |
| accusative | *četvьrta | *četvьrtě | *četvьrtě |
| instrumental | *četvьrtoma | *četvьrtama | *četvьrtoma |
| locative | *četvьrtu | *četvьrtu | *četvьrtu |
| vocative | *četvьrta | *četvьrtě | *četvьrtě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *četvьrti | *četvьrty | *četvьrta |
| genitive | *četvьrtъ | *četvьrtъ | *četvьrtъ |
| dative | *četvьrtomъ | *četvьrtamъ | *četvьrtomъ |
| accusative | *četvьrty | *četvьrty | *četvьrta |
| instrumental | *četvьrty | *četvьrtami | *četvьrty |
| locative | *četvьrtěxъ | *četvьrtaxъ | *četvьrtěxъ |
| vocative | *četvьrti | *četvьrty | *četvьrta |
Definite declension of *četvьrtъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *četvьrtъjь | *četvьrtaja | *četvьrtoje |
| genitive | *četvьrtajego | *četvьrtyję̇ | *četvьrtajego |
| dative | *četvьrtujemu | *četvьrtěji | *četvьrtujemu |
| accusative | *četvьrtъjь | *četvьrtǫjǫ | *četvьrtoje |
| instrumental | *četvьrtyjimь | *četvьrtǫjǫ | *četvьrtyjimь |
| locative | *četvьrtějemь | *četvьrtěji | *četvьrtějemь |
| vocative | *četvьrtъjь | *četvьrtaja | *četvьrtoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *četvьrtaja | *četvьrtěji | *četvьrtěji |
| genitive | *četvьrtuju | *četvьrtuju | *četvьrtuju |
| dative | *četvьrtyjima | *četvьrtyjima | *četvьrtyjima |
| accusative | *četvьrtaja | *četvьrtěji | *četvьrtěji |
| instrumental | *četvьrtyjima | *četvьrtyjima | *četvьrtyjima |
| locative | *četvьrtuju | *četvьrtuju | *četvьrtuju |
| vocative | *četvьrtaja | *četvьrtěji | *četvьrtěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *četvьrtiji | *četvьrtyję̇ | *četvьrtaja |
| genitive | *četvьrtъjixъ | *četvьrtъjixъ | *četvьrtъjixъ |
| dative | *četvьrtyjimъ | *četvьrtyjimъ | *četvьrtyjimъ |
| accusative | *četvьrtyję̇ | *četvьrtyję̇ | *četvьrtaja |
| instrumental | *četvьrtyjimi | *četvьrtyjimi | *četvьrtyjimi |
| locative | *četvьrtyjixъ | *četvьrtyjixъ | *četvьrtyjixъ |
| vocative | *četvьrtiji | *četvьrtyję̇ | *četvьrtaja |
Derived terms
- *četvьrtina
- *četvьrtъka (“quarter”)
- *četvьrtъkъ (“Thursday”)
- *četvьrtь (“quarter”)
Related terms
- *četverъ, *četvorъ (“four”)
- *četyre (“four”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: четвьртъ (četvĭrtŭ), четврьтъ (četvrĭtŭ), четвертъ (četvertŭ)
- Belarusian: чацвёрты (čacvjórty)
- Russian: четвёртый (četvjórtyj)
- Ukrainian: четве́ртий (četvértyj)
- Old East Slavic: четвьртъ (četvĭrtŭ), четврьтъ (četvrĭtŭ), четвертъ (četvertŭ)
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “четвертый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “четвертый”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 387
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*četvьrtъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 95
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008) “*četvьrtъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 87: “num. o ‘fourth’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001) “četvьrtъ”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a fjerde (PR 133)”
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