< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čьvati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From an earlier onomatopoeic *čuti (“to growl”) +‎ *-ati. Probably reflects a s-mobile root Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew-, which yielded as well synonymous Proto-Slavic *ščuti, *ščьvati (“to bark, to slander, to swagger”) (attested in Slovene ščúti / ščúvati, Polish szczuć / szczwać, Czech štvát).

Verb

*čьvati impf

  1. to growl, to bark
  2. (figurative) to harass, to snub

Conjugation
Conjugation of *čьvati, *čьva, *čьvajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*čьvanьje *čьvati *čьvatъ *čьvalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *čьvanъ *čьvajemъ
Active *čьvavъ *čьvaję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *čьvaxъ*čьva*čьva *čьvajǫ*čьvaješi*čьvajetь
Dual *čьvaxově*čьvasta*čьvaste *čьvajevě*čьvajeta*čьvajete
Plural *čьvaxomъ*čьvaste*čьvašę *čьvajemъ*čьvajete*čьvajǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *čьvaaxъ*čьvaaše*čьvaaše —*čьvaji*čьvaji
Dual *čьvaaxově*čьvaašeta*čьvaašete *čьvajivě*čьvajita—
Plural *čьvaaxomъ*čьvaašete*čьvaaxǫ *čьvajimъ*čьvajite—

Derived terms
  • *čьvanъ (“conceited, arrogant”) (past participle)
    • *čьvaniti (causative verb)
    • *čьvanьstvo (abstract noun)
  • *čuxъ (“growl, bark”)
    • *čuxati (“to growl; to drive away”)
  • *xula (“unjust vilification, insult”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Ukrainian: чва́ти (čváty)
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: čvat (dialectal)

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*čьvanъ I”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 178: прич. стр. прош. от гл. *čьvati
  • чвати in Горох.ua (Етимологія)
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