< Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic

Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/kaʔs-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*kaʔs- m or f

  1. beaker, goblet, cup, stoop

Inflection

Masculine:

Declension of *kaʔs-
Case Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *kaʔsum *kaʔsāna plural stem + *-ūna
Genitive *kaʔsim *kaʔsayna plural stem + *-īna
Accusative *kaʔsam
possessive forms
1st person *kaʔsī / *kaʔsVya — *kaʔsVni
2nd person m *kaʔsVka *kaʔsVkumā / *kaʔsVkumay *kaʔsVkum(ū)
2nd person f *kaʔsVki *kaʔsVkin(ā)
3rd person m *kaʔsVšu *kaʔsVšumā / *kaʔsVšumay *kaʔsVšum(ū)
3rd person f *kaʔsVša *kaʔsVšin(ā)
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.

Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *kaʔsuya for nom. case, *kaʔsiya for gen. case, *kaʔsaya for acc. case, etc.

Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *kaʔs-
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *kaʔsuka *kaʔsāka plural stem + *-ūka
Genitive *kaʔsika *kaʔsayka plural stem + *-īka
Accusative *kaʔsaka
Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *kaʔs-
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *kaʔsuki *kaʔsāki plural stem + *-ūki
Genitive *kaʔsiki *kaʔsayki plural stem + *-īki
Accusative *kaʔsaki

Femenine:

Declension of *kaʔs-
Case Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *kaʔsum *kaʔsāna *kaʔsātum
Genitive *kaʔsim *kaʔsayna *kaʔsātim
Accusative *kaʔsam
possessive forms
1st person *kaʔsī / *kaʔsVya — *kaʔsVni
2nd person m *kaʔsVka *kaʔsVkumā / *kaʔsVkumay *kaʔsVkum(ū)
2nd person f *kaʔsVki *kaʔsVkin(ā)
3rd person m *kaʔsVšu *kaʔsVšumā / *kaʔsVšumay *kaʔsVšum(ū)
3rd person f *kaʔsVša *kaʔsVšin(ā)
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.

Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *kaʔsuya for nom. case, *kaʔsiya for gen. case, *kaʔsaya for acc. case, etc.

Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *kaʔs-
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *kaʔsuka *kaʔsāka *kaʔsātuka
Genitive *kaʔsika *kaʔsayka *kaʔsātika
Accusative *kaʔsaka
Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *kaʔs-
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *kaʔsuki *kaʔsāki *kaʔsātuki
Genitive *kaʔsiki *kaʔsayki *kaʔsātiki
Accusative *kaʔsaki

Descendants
  • East Semitic:
    • Akkadian: 𒃲 (kāsum)
    • Eblaite: 𒄀𒋗 (gi-šu)
    • → Hittite: 𒂵𒀀𒍣 (ga-a-zi /⁠kazzi⁠/)
    • → Hurrian: 𒅗𒍪 (ka-su₂ /⁠kazi-⁠/)
  • West Semitic:
    • Central Semitic:
      • Arabic: كَأْس (kaʔs)
      • Northwest Semitic:
        • Aramaic: כָּסָא (kāsā)
          Imperial Aramaic: 𐡊𐡎𐡀 (ksʾ)
          Aramaic: 𐣪𐣮𐣠
        • Canaanite:
          • Hebrew: כּוֹס (kos, kôs)
          • Phoenician: 𐤊𐤎 (ks /⁠kūs⁠/)
        • Ugaritic: 𐎋𐎒 (ks /⁠kāsu⁠/)
        • → Egyptian: [script needed] (ku-ṯi₂)
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