Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḥapaś-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Verb

*ḥapaś- (prefix conjugation *yiḥpiś-, verbal noun *ḥapś-)

to search together, to gather, to collect

Conjugation

Conjugation of Proto-Semitic/ḥapaś- (paʕala)

		singular				dual			plural
verbal noun					*ḥapś-
active participle					*ḥāpiś-
passive participle					ḥapīś-, ḥapūś-
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
perfect	m	*ḥapaśku	*ḥapaśka	*ḥapaśa		*ḥapaśkayā	*ḥapaśkā	*ḥapaśā	*ḥapaśna	*ḥapaśkanu	*ḥapaśū
perfect	f	*ḥapaśku	*ḥapaśki	*ḥapaśat		*ḥapaśkayā	*ḥapaśkā	*ḥapaśatā	*ḥapaśna	*ḥapaśkina	*ḥapaśā

imperfect	m	*ʔaḥpiś	*taḥpiś	*yiḥpiś			*taḥpiśā	*yaḥpiśā	*niḥpiś	*taḥpiśū	*yiḥpiśū
imperfect	f	*ʔaḥpiś	*taḥpiśī	*taḥpiś			*taḥpiśā	*taḥpiśā	*niḥpiś	*taḥpiśā	*yiḥpiśā

imperative	m		*ḥapiś				*ḥapiśā			*ḥapiśū
imperative	f		*ḥapiśī				*ḥapiśā			*ḥapiśā

Descendants

East Semitic
- Akkadian: 𒆕 (epēšum, “to build, to make”)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: حَفَشَ (ḥafaša, “to gather”)
  - ⇒ Arabic: حَفِسَ (ḥafisa, “to devour”) (?)
- Northwest Semitic:
  - Aramaic:
    - ⇒ Aramaic: חִפּוּשִׂיתָא / חִיפּוּשִׂיתָא (ḥippūśīṯā), חִיפּוּשְׂתָא / חִפּוּשְׂתָא (ḥippūśtā, “beetle, scarab”)
  - Canaanite:
    - Hebrew: חָפַשׂ (khafás, ḥāp̄aś, “search out”)
    - ⇒ Hebrew: חִפֵּשׂ (khipés, ḥippēś, “search out”)
  - Ugaritic: 𐎈𐎔𐎌 (ḥpš /⁠ḥapaśa⁠/, “to gather”)
  - →⇒ Egyptian: ꜥpšꜣy (“beetle”) (?)
- Ethiopic:
  - Amharic: ኣፈሰ (affäsä, “to scoop, to grabble, to scrape”)
  - Argobba: ሃፈሳ (haffäsa)
  - Ge'ez: ሐፈሠ (ḥäfäśä, “to rake up, to take a handful to carry it away”)
  - Harari: ሓፈሳ (ḥafäsa, “to take a thing with two hands or a tool”)
  - Sebat Bet Gurage: ኣፈሰ (afäsä)
  - Tigre: ሓፍሳ (ḥafsa, “to scrape together”)
  - Tigrinya: ሓፈሰ (ḥafäsä), ሓፈሸ (ḥafäšä, “to scoop up”)
  - → Alaba: hamfaššo (“to take hold of”)
  - → Saho: hafas (“to take hold of”)
- Modern South Arabian:
  - Shehri: ḥfɔś (“to gather”)

References

Hoch, James E. (1994) Semitic Words in Egyptian Texts of the New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period, Princeton: Princeton University Press, →ISBN, pages 66–67
Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 227

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