< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/yaŝáti

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *yaŝćáti, from Proto-Indo-European *ym̥-sḱ-éti, from *yem- (“to take hold, restrain”). Cognate with Sanskrit यच्छति (yácchati), यछति (yáchati).

Verb

*yaŝáti[1]

  1. to hold, restrain
  2. to take, seize

Derived terms
  • *aHyaŝáti (+ *aH- (“back”))
    • Old Avestan: 𐬁𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬯𐬉 (āiiesē, 1sg.pres.med.)
      • Younger Avestan: 𐬁𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬯𐬈 (āiiese, 1sg.pres.med.)
    • Bactrian: ιεσ- (ies-, “to take”)
    • Bartangi: [script needed] (ayōs-, “to take away”)
    • Old Persian: [script needed] (aysta /⁠āyasatā⁠/, “took for himself”, 3sg.impf.med.)
    • Semnani: [script needed] (h-āī-č-äī-), [script needed] (b-ä́ī̮(-)šš-, “to buy, take”)
    • Proto-Scythian: *aysána- (+ *-ana- (verbal noun suffix))
      • Ossetian: (“to take (away, out)”)
        Digor Ossetian: есун (esun)
        Iron Ossetian: исын (isyn)
    • Sogdian: (“to take, receive”)
      Buddhist: [script needed] (ʾʾs-)
      Christian: [script needed] (ʾs-)
  • *Hapayaŝáti (“to take away”) (+ *Hapa- (“off, away, from”))
    • Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (apaiiasaiti, 1sg.pres.med.)
    • Pashto: [script needed] (istə́l), [script needed] (yastə́l), [script needed] (westəl, “to take off, out”)
  • *hamyaŝáti (+ *ham- (“together, one”))
    • Old Avestan: 𐬵𐬇𐬨𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬉 (hə̄miiāsaitē, 3sg.pres.med.)
    • Sogdian: (“to come to an end, be ended”)
      Buddhist: [script needed] (ʾnyʾmsʾy, 3sg.opt.act.)
      Sogdian script: [script needed] (ʾnyʾmsym, 1pl.pres.act.)
  • *niyaŝáti (+ *ni- (“down, down into”))
    • Younger Avestan: 𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬯𐬁𐬌𐬙𐬈 (niiāsāite, 1sg.pres.med.)
    • Ormuri: [script needed] (nas-, “to take, grasp”)
    • Pashto: (“to take out”)
      Pashto: [script needed] (nis-)
      Waneci: [script needed] (nc-), [script needed] (nic-)
    • Proto-Saka: [Term?] (“to take, seize”)
      • Khotanese: [script needed] (nās-)
      • Tumshuqese: [script needed] (nes-), [script needed] (пе-)
    • Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi: [Term?] (“to take, seize, hold”)
      • Ishkashimi: [script needed] (nas)
      • Sanglechi: [script needed] (nas)
    • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
      • Yidgha: [script needed] (nis-, “to take out”)
      • Yazghulami: [script needed] (n(ə)yas-, “to seize, catch, take (in marriage), buy; to bite [of dogs]”)
    • Proto-Sogdic:
      • Sogdian: (“to take (prison), capture”)
        Buddhist: [script needed] (nyʾst), [script needed] (ʾnyʾst)
        Christian: [script needed] (nyʾstʾ, 2pl.pres.act.)
        Sogdian script: [script needed] (nyʾs-)
        Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (nyʾs-)
      • Yagnobi: [script needed] (nos-, “to take (in marriage), seize”)
    • Yidgha: [script needed] (nis-, “to take out”)

Descendants
  • Central Iranian:
    • Younger Avestan: 𐬫𐬁𐬯𐬁𐬌𐬙𐬌 (yāsāiti)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Pashto: [script needed] (yos-)
    • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
      • Proto-Munji-Yidgha:
        • Munji: [script needed] (yīs-)
        • Yidgha: [script needed] (is-)
      • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
        • Shughni: [script needed] (yōs-)
        • Roshani: [script needed] (yōs-)

References
  1. Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) “*i̭am-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 68-78
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