< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tréyes

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Brugmann (1892: 464) suggested original meaning "middle (= protruding) finger", quoting Sanskrit तर्मन् (tarman, “the top of the sacrificial post”) and Ancient Greek τέρθρον (térthron, “tip, end”). This idea was developed by Fay (1910: 416-17), who reconstructed *tri-sth₂-o-s (“tip finger”). In the first component he identified the locative *tr-í- “on-tip”, while the second ("stander") has also to form other finger names, e. g. Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hangúštʰas (“thumb”), Sanskrit कनिष्ठा (kaniṣṭhā, “little finger”), Proto-Balto-Slavic *pírštan (“finger”), etc.

Numeral
Proto-Indo-European cardinal numbers
 <  2 3 4  > 
    Cardinal : *tréyes
    Ordinal : *tritós[1]
    Adverbial : *trís
    Prefix : *tri-

*tréyes

  1. three

Inflection
Athematic, amphikinetic
masculine feminine
nominative *tréyes *tisres
genitive *tr̥yóHom *tisróHom
masculine singular dual plural
nominative — — *tréyes
vocative — — *tréyes
accusative — — *tríms
genitive — — *tr̥yóHom
ablative — — *trimós
dative — — *trimós
locative — — *trisú
instrumental — — *trimís
feminine singular dual plural
nominative — — *tisres
vocative — — *tisres
accusative — — *tisrm̥s
genitive — — *tisróHom
ablative — — *tisr̥mós
dative — — *tisr̥mós
locative — — *tisr̥sú
instrumental — — *tisr̥mís
neuter singular dual plural
nominative — — *tríh₂
vocative — — *tríh₂
accusative — — *tríh₂
genitive — — *tr̥yóHom
ablative — — *trimós
dative — — *trimós
locative — — *trisú
instrumental — — *trimís

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Proto-Albanian: *treje (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Anatolian: *trḗs
    • Hittite: [script needed] (tri-), [script needed] (teri-janna-, “the third time”)
    • Lycian: 𐊗𐊕𐊁𐊆 (trei)
    • Luwian: [script needed] (tara/i-)
    • Milyan: 𐊗𐊕𐊆- (tri-)
  • Proto-Armenian:
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tríjes (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Celtic: *trīs (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *þrīz (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *tréyes (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tráyas (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *trēs (see there for further descendants)
  • Messapic: [script needed] (tri-)
  • Phrygian: θρί- (thrí-)
  • Proto-Tocharian: *treyä[2] (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell
  2. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “trai”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 339-340
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