< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/terkʷ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*terkʷ-[1][2][3][4][5]

  1. to turn, spin

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *terkʷ-‎ (6 c, 0 e)
  • *térkʷ-ti ~ *tr̥kʷ-én-ti (athematic root present)[5]
    • Proto-Anatolian: *tarʔʷtˢi[3]
    • Proto-Tocharian: *tärk-[1]
      • Tocharian B: tärk- (“to turn; work”)
  • *torkʷ-éye-ti (causative)[5]
  • *te-tórkʷ-e ~ *tr̥kʷ-ḗr (reduplicated stative)[5]
    • Proto-Tocharian:
      • Tocharian B: tetarku
  • *térkʷ-e-ti (thematic root present)[5]
  • *térkʷ-os[4]
    • Proto-Germanic: *þwerhaz (“crossed”) (< *twerk-os)
  • *terkʷ-ús[4]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tarkúš
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tarkúṣ
  • *tŕ̥kʷ-os
  • *tórkʷ-mn̥-teh₂[2]
  • *tоrkʷ-ós
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  • *tórkʷ-tom[2]
    • Proto-Italic: *torkʷtom
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Proto-Hellenic:[6] (possibly)
      • Mycenaean Greek: 𐀵𐀫𐀤𐀍𐀕𐀜 (to-ro-qe-jo-me-no /⁠trokʷeiomenos⁠/, “?”)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tark- (“to move to and fro”)[2]
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
        • Sanskrit: तर्क् (tark-, “to turn”)
      • Proto-Iranian: *tark-
        • ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *fratark- (+ *fra- (“forth”))
          • Khotanese: hataljs (“to flutter”)
    • Proto-Tocharian:
      • Tocharian A: tark (“earring”)

References
  1. Adams, Douglas Q. (1999) “²tärk”, in A dictionary of Tocharian B (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 294-295
  2. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “torqueō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 624
  3. Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “tar(k)u-zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 842-844
  4. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*þwerha-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 556
  5. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*terkʷ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 635
  6. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἄτρακτος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 164
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