< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/k⁽ʷ⁾sewd-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Possibly from *ksew- (“to scrape”).

Root

*k⁽ʷ⁾sewd-[1][2]

  1. to crush, disperse
  2. to disintegrate

Derived terms
  • *k⁽ʷ⁾séwd-e-ti
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kšáwdati
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kṣáwdati
        • Sanskrit: क्षोदन्ति (kṣódanti, 3rd pers. pl act.), क्षोदन्ते (kṣódante, 3rd pers. pl. med.)
  • *k⁽ʷ⁾su-né-d-ti ~ *k⁽ʷ⁾su-n-d-énti
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kšunátti
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kṣunátti
        • Sanskrit: क्षुणत्ति (kṣuṇatti)
  • *k⁽ʷ⁾sowd-éye-ti (éye-causative)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kšawdáyati
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kṣawdáyati
        • Sanskrit: अक्षोदयत् (ákṣodayat, 3rd pers. sg. imperf. act.)
  • *k⁽ʷ⁾sowd-ó-s
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ksaudás
      • Proto-Slavic: *xudъ (“small, thin”)[3] (see there for further descendants)
  • *k⁽ʷ⁾séwd-os ~ *k⁽ʷ⁾séwd-es-os
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kšáwdas (see there for further descendants)
  • *k⁽ʷ⁾sud-ró-s
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kšudrás (“minute, tiny; dispersed”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *k⁽ʷ⁾sud-tó-s
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kšutˢtás
      • Proto-Iranian: *xšustáh
        • Avestan: 𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬯𐬙𐬀 (xšusta, “melted”)
  • *k⁽ʷ⁾sud-nó-s
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kšudnás
Unsorted formations
  • Middle Persian: [Term?] (/⁠šustan⁠/), [script needed] (šwy /⁠šōy⁠/)

References
  1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k(u̯)seu̯d-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 372
  2. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “ks.od-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
  3. Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 487
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