< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰrewgʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*dʰrewgʰ-[1][2][3]

  1. to deceive
Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰrewgʰ- (deceive)‎ (26 c, 0 e)
  • *dʰréwgʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)[4]
    • Proto-Germanic: *dreuganą (“to mislead, deceive”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *dʰrugʰ-yé-ti (ye-present)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰruǰʰyáti (“to deceive”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *dʰréwk-s ~ *dʰrugʰ-és
    • >? Proto-Celtic: *drukos (“bad”) (< *dʰruk-o-s) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *drugą (“delusion”) (< *dʰrugʰ-o-m) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰrúkš (“lie, deceit”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *dʰrówgʰ-os
  • *dʰrówgʰ-mo-s[5]
    • Proto-Germanic: *draumaz (“dream”) (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “2. dhreugh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 276
  2. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1.*dʰreu̯gʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 157
  3. Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*dhreugh-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 154
  4. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*dreugan-1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 102
  5. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*drauma-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 100-101

Root

*dʰrewgʰ-[1][2]

  1. to serve one's tribe
  2. loyal
Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰrewgʰ- (serve)‎ (15 c, 0 e)
  • *dʰréwgʰ-e-ti (root present)[3]
    • Proto-Germanic: *dreuganą (see there for further descendants)
  • *dʰrewgʰ-os[4]
    • Proto-Germanic: *dreugaz (“enduring, lasting”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *dʰrowgʰ-os[5][6]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *draugás (“friend”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *dʰréwgʰ-tis[7]
    • Proto-Germanic: *druhtiz (“troop”) (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *druhtinaz (“leader, lord”) (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “dhereugh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 254-255
  2. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?2.*dʰreu̯gʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 157
  3. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*dreugan- 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 102
  4. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*dreuga-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 102
  5. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*drȗgъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, pages 121-122
  6. Derksen, Rick (2015) “draugas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  7. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*druhti-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 104
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