Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/dʰruǰʰyáti

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰrugʰ-yé-ti, from *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive”).

Verb

*dʰruǰʰyáti

to deceive

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *druźʰyáti
- Sanskrit: द्रुह्यति (drúhyati, druhyáti)
Proto-Iranian: *drujyáti
- Old Avestan: 𐬁𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬘𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬧𐬙 (ādrujiiaṇt, pres.part.)
  - Younger Avestan: 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬲𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (družaⁱti)
- Parthian:
  Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫉𐫏𐫗𐫅 (drwzynd)
- Old Persian: 𐎠𐎯𐎢𐎽𐎢𐎪𐎡𐎹 (a-du-u-ru-u-ji-i-y /⁠ad(u)rujiya⁠/)
  - Northern Luri: درۊزاْ (deruze, “Lier”)
  - Middle Persian: (/drōzēd/)
    Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫉𐫏𐫅 (drwzyd)
    
    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (dlwcyt)
- → Old Armenian: դրժեմ (držem)

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