< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/dʰrúkš

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Leveled from earlier *dʰráwkš ~ *dʰruǰʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰréwgʰ-s ~ *dʰrugʰ-és, from *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive, mislead”) +‎ *-s.[1]

Noun

*dʰrúkš f

  1. lie, falsehood, deceit
  2. injury, harm

Inflection
consonant stem
singular dual plural
nominative *dʰrúkš *dʰrúkš *dʰrúkš
vocative *dʰrúǰʰ *dʰrúkš *dʰrúkš
accusative *dʰrúǰʰám *dʰrúkš *dʰrúkš
instrumental *dʰrúǰʰáH *dʰrúgbʰyaH *dʰrúgbʰiš
ablative *dʰrúǰʰás *dʰrúgbʰyaH *dʰrúgbʰyaH
dative *dʰrúǰʰáy *dʰrúgbʰyaH *dʰrúgbʰyaH
genitive *dʰrúǰʰás *dʰrúǰʰáwš *dʰrúǰʰām
locative *dʰrúǰʰí *dʰrúǰʰáwš *dʰrúkšu

Descendants
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰrúk ~ *druźʰás
  • Proto-Iranian: *drúxš ~ *druǰáh
    • Old Avestan: 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬑𐬱 (druxš, nom.sg), 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬘𐬋 (drujō, gen.abl.sg)
    • Younger Avestan: 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬑𐬱 (druxš, nom.sg), 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬘𐬆𐬨 (drujəm, acc.sg), 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬘𐬋 (drujō, gen.abl.sg; nom.pl), 𐬀𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬲𐬄𐬨 (adružąm, gen.pl)[3]
      • → Middle Persian: (/⁠druz, druxš⁠/, “demon; she-demon (in Manichaean)”)
        Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫟𐫢 (drwxš) (Only in Manichaean texts)
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (dlwc')
        Pazend script: 𐬛𐬭𐬏𐬲 (drūž)
        • Classical Persian: درج (duruǰ, “demone”) (Only in Zoroastrian texts)
          Iranian Persian: دروج (dorūǰ, “Druj”)
      • → Parthian: (/⁠drōž ~ druž, druxš⁠/, “demon; she-demon (in Manichaean)”)
        Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫋 (drwj), 𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫟𐫢 (drwxš)

References
  1. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “drogh”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
  2. Monier Williams (1899) “Proto-Indo-Iranian/dʰrúkš”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 502.
  3. Martínez García, Javier, de Vaan, Michiel (2014) Introduction to Avestan (Brill Introductions to Indo-European Languages; 1)‎, Brill, →ISBN, page 47
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