< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)merd-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

Root

*(s)merd-[3]

  1. to bite, to sting

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)merd-‎ (5 c, 0 e)
  • *(s)merd- (root present)
    • Proto-Germanic: *smertaną (“to hurt”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *(s)márdati
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *márdati
        • Sanskrit: मर्दति (márdati, “to pound, crush”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *(s)mord-éye-ti or *h₂mord-éye-ti (iterative)[1]
    • Proto-Italic: *mordejō (or *mordē(j)ō, from *(s)mr̥d-éh₁(ye)-ti below)
      • Latin: mordeō (see there for further descendants)
  • *(s)mr̥d-éh₁(ye)-ti (eh₁-stative or iterative)
  • *(s)mr̥-né-d-ti (nasal-infix present)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
      • Proto-Iranian:
        • >? Avestan: 𐬨𐬋𐬭𐬆𐬧𐬛𐬀𐬝 (mōrəṇdat̰, “to ruin, annihilate”)
        • ⇒? Old Persian: [script needed] (vi-mạr(n)datiy, “suppressed”)
  • *(s)merd-h₂ (collective)
    • >? Proto-Italic: *(s)merdā[note 1]
      • >? Latin: merda (“excrement”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *(s)mórd-os
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *smárˀdas (“stench”)[note 1]
      • Latvian: smards
      • Lithuanian: smárdas
      • Proto-Slavic: *smȏrdъ (see there for further descendants)
  • *smerd-nós
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Proto-Armenian:
    • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Proto-Tocharian:
      • Tocharian A: märtk
      • Tocharian B: märtk

Notes
  1. Alternatively from a separate root *(s)merd- (“to stink”), per De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “merda”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 374

References
  1. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “mordeō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 389
  2. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₂merd-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 280
  3. Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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