< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱérh₂sō

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From an s-stem *ḱérh₂-os ~ *ḱŕ̥h₂-es-os, from *ḱerh₂- (“head, horn”), +‎ *-ō.

Noun

*ḱérh₂sō m[1][2]

  1. (top of the) head
    Synonyms: *gʰébʰōl, *kap-
  2. skull

Inflection
Athematic, amphikinetic
singular
nominative *ḱérh₂sō
genitive *ḱr̥h₂snés
singular dual plural
nominative *ḱérh₂sō *ḱérh₂sonh₁(e) *ḱérh₂sones
vocative *ḱérh₂son *ḱérh₂sonh₁(e) *ḱérh₂sones
accusative *ḱérh₂sonm̥ *ḱérh₂sonh₁(e) *ḱérh₂sonm̥s
genitive *ḱr̥h₂snés *? *ḱr̥h₂snóHom
ablative *ḱr̥h₂snés *? *ḱr̥h₂sn̥mós
dative *ḱr̥h₂snéy *? *ḱr̥h₂sn̥mós
locative *ḱr̥h₂sén, *ḱr̥h₂séni *? *ḱr̥h₂sn̥sú
instrumental *ḱr̥h₂snéh₁ *? *ḱr̥h₂sn̥mís
  • *ḱérh₂ō (“horn”)
  • *ḱr̥h₂sḗr (“hornet”)

Coordinate terms

Derived terms
  • *ḱroh₂-s-n-om
    • Proto-Albanian: *krōna
  • *ḱr̥h₂-s-n-(i)yo-[3]
    • Proto-Germanic: *hirzniją (“brain”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *krəhníon
      • Ancient Greek: κρᾱνίον (krāníon, “upper part of the head, skull”) (denominative)[4] (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Tocharian:
      • Tocharian B: krāñiye (“nape of the neck”)

Descendants
  • Proto-Germanic: *hersô, *herznô (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *kárahə, genitive *krahətós, plural *kárahna
    • Ancient Greek: κᾰ́ρᾱ (kárā), κράς (krás)
      Epic, Ionic Greek: κᾰ́ρη (kárē)
    • Mycenaean Greek: 𐀏𐀨𐀀𐀠 (ka-ra-a-pi /⁠kraʰat-pʰi⁠/, inst.pl.)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥Hsá

References
  1. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κάρᾱ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 641
  2. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hersan- ~ *herzan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 221–222
  3. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “krāñiye”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 230: “*k̂rh₂sníyom”
  4. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κρᾱνίον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 770
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