< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wirþijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *werþaz (“worthy, valuable”) +‎ *-janą or *werþą (“worth, value”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /ˈwir.θi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*wirþijaną[1][2]

  1. to value, to esteem

Inflection
Conjugation of *wirþijaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *wirþijō*wirþijaų—*wirþijai ?
2nd singular *wirþīsi*wirþijais*wirþī*wirþijasai*wirþijaisau
3rd singular *wirþīþi*wirþijai*wirþijaþau*wirþijaþai*wirþijaiþau
1st dual *wirþijōs*wirþijaiw———
2nd dual *wirþijaþiz*wirþijaiþiz*wirþijaþiz——
1st plural *wirþijamaz*wirþijaim—*wirþijanþai*wirþijainþau
2nd plural *wirþīþ*wirþijaiþ*wirþīþ*wirþijanþai*wirþijainþau
3rd plural *wirþijanþi*wirþijain*wirþijanþau*wirþijanþai*wirþijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *wirþidǭ*wirþidēdį̄
2nd singular *wirþidēz*wirþidēdīz
3rd singular *wirþidē*wirþidēdī
1st dual *wirþidēdū*wirþidēdīw
2nd dual *wirþidēdudiz*wirþidēdīdiz
1st plural *wirþidēdum*wirþidēdīm
2nd plural *wirþidēdud*wirþidēdīd
3rd plural *wirþidēdun*wirþidēdīn
present past
participles *wirþijandz*wirþidaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *wirþijan
    • Old English: *wirþan, *wierþan, *wyrþan
      • ⇒ Old English: ġewirþan, ġewierþan, ġewyrþan
    • Old Frisian: wirtha, wertha, wirda
    • Old Dutch: wertha
    • Old High German: wirden
      • Middle High German: wirden
  • Old Norse: virða

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*werþa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 581: “*werþjan-”
  2. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*werþjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 458
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