< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/warmaz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Uncertain. Two different etymologies have been proposed.
- From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰór-mo-s, from *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”) + *-mos, related to Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós), Latin formus, Persian گرم (garm) and Sanskrit घर्म (gharma).[1]
- From Proto-Indo-European *wór-mo-s, from *wer- (“to burn”) + *-mos, related to Hittite [script needed] (warnuzi).[2]
The dispute is due to differing hypotheses on how Proto-Indo-European initial *gʷʰ- evolved in Germanic. Some maintain that *gʷʰ would have turned to *b, and therefore that the root *gʷʰer- would instead have given rise to *ber- (“to burn”) etc. (compare *banô < *gʷʰon-ō). A counterargument (e.g. Kroonen (2013: p. xxviii)) is that Germanic *w is in fact the usual outcome of *gʷʰ, citing uncontroversial examples such as *snaiwaz < *snóygʷʰos and *neurô < *négʷʰrō. There have also been etymologies proposing a merger of the two roots.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈwɑr.mɑz/
Adjective
Inflection
Declension of *warmaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *warmaz | *warmai | *warmō | *warmôz | *warmą, -atō | *warmō |
| Accusative | *warmanǭ | *warmanz | *warmǭ | *warmōz | *warmą, -atō | *warmō |
| Genitive | *warmas, -is | *warmaizǫ̂ | *warmaizōz | *warmaizǫ̂ | *warmas, -is | *warmaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *warmammai | *warmaimaz | *warmaizōi | *warmaimaz | *warmammai | *warmaimaz |
| Instrumental | *warmanō | *warmaimiz | *warmaizō | *warmaimiz | *warmanō | *warmaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *warmô | *warmaniz | *warmǭ | *warmōniz | *warmô | *warmōnō |
| Accusative | *warmanų | *warmanunz | *warmōnų | *warmōnunz | *warmô | *warmōnō |
| Genitive | *warminiz | *warmanǫ̂ | *warmōniz | *warmōnǫ̂ | *warminiz | *warmanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *warmini | *warmammaz | *warmōni | *warmōmaz | *warmini | *warmammaz |
| Instrumental | *warminē | *warmammiz | *warmōnē | *warmōmiz | *warminē | *warmammiz |
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*warma-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 575
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*warmaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 449
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