घर्म

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit घर्म (gharmá). Doublet of गर्म (garm), a borrowing from Persian.

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ɡʱəɾm/, [ɡʱɐɾm]

Noun

घर्म • (gharm) m (Urdu spelling گھرم)

Declension

Declension of घर्म (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	घर्म gharm	घर्म gharm
oblique	घर्म gharm	घर्मों gharmõ
vocative	घर्म gharm	घर्मो gharmo

See also

घर्मी (gharmī)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

ঘৰ্ম (Assamese script)
ᬖᬃᬫ (Balinese script)
ঘর্ম (Bengali script)
𑰑𑰨𑰿𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀖𑀭𑁆𑀫 (Brahmi script)
ဃရ်္မ (Burmese script)
ઘર્મ (Gujarati script)
ਘਰ੍ਮ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌘𑌰𑍍𑌮 (Grantha script)
ꦓꦂꦩ (Javanese script)
𑂐𑂩𑂹𑂧 (Kaithi script)
ಘರ್ಮ (Kannada script)
ឃម៌ (Khmer script)
ຆຣ຺ມ (Lao script)
ഘര്മ (Malayalam script)
ᢚᠠᡵᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘑𑘨𑘿𑘦 (Modi script)
ᠺᠾᠠᠷᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦱𑧈𑧠𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
𑐑𑐬𑑂𑐩 (Newa script)
ଘର୍ମ (Odia script)
ꢕꢬ꣄ꢪ (Saurashtra script)
𑆔𑆫𑇀𑆩 (Sharada script)
𑖑𑖨𑖿𑖦 (Siddham script)
ඝර්‍ම (Sinhalese script)
𑩟𑩼 𑪙𑩴 (Soyombo script)
𑚍𑚤𑚶𑚢 (Takri script)
க⁴ர்ம (Tamil script)
ఘర్మ (Telugu script)
ฆรฺม (Thai script)
གྷ་རྨ (Tibetan script)
𑒒𑒩𑓂𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
𑨎𑨫𑩇𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás (“hot, warm; warmth, heat”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰor-mós, from *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀 (gar^əma, “hot; warmth”), Persian (garm), Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós), Latin formus, furnus.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡʱɐɾ.mɐ́/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɡʱɐɾ.mɐ/

Noun

घर्म • (gharmá) stem, m

heat, warmth
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.180.4:
  युवं ह घर्मं मधुमन्तमत्रयेऽपो न क्षोदोऽवृणीतमेषे ।
  तद्वां नरावश्विना पश्वइष्टी रथ्येव चक्रा प्रति यन्ति मध्वः ॥
  yuvaṃ ha gharmaṃ madhumantamatrayeʼpo na kṣodoʼvṛṇītameṣe.
  tadvāṃ narāvaśvinā paśvaïṣṭī rathyeva cakrā prati yanti madhvaḥ.
  Ye made the fierce heat to be full of sweetness for Atri at his wish, like streaming water.
  Fire-offering thence is yours, O Aśvins, Heroes: your car-wheels speed to us like springs of honey.
hot weather
sunshine

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of घर्म (gharmá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	घर्मः gharmáḥ	घर्मौ / घर्मा¹ gharmaú / gharmā́¹	घर्माः / घर्मासः¹ gharmā́ḥ / gharmā́saḥ¹
Vocative	घर्म ghárma	घर्मौ / घर्मा¹ ghármau / ghármā¹	घर्माः / घर्मासः¹ ghármāḥ / ghármāsaḥ¹
Accusative	घर्मम् gharmám	घर्मौ / घर्मा¹ gharmaú / gharmā́¹	घर्मान् gharmā́n
Instrumental	घर्मेण gharméṇa	घर्माभ्याम् gharmā́bhyām	घर्मैः / घर्मेभिः¹ gharmaíḥ / gharmébhiḥ¹
Dative	घर्माय gharmā́ya	घर्माभ्याम् gharmā́bhyām	घर्मेभ्यः gharmébhyaḥ
Ablative	घर्मात् gharmā́t	घर्माभ्याम् gharmā́bhyām	घर्मेभ्यः gharmébhyaḥ
Genitive	घर्मस्य gharmásya	घर्मयोः gharmáyoḥ	घर्माणाम् gharmā́ṇām
Locative	घर्मे gharmé	घर्मयोः gharmáyoḥ	घर्मेषु gharméṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Pali: ghamma
Ashokan Prakrit:
- Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀖𑀫𑁆𑀫 (ghamma)
  - Assamese: ঘাম (gham)
  - Bengali: ঘাম (gham)
  - Sylheti: ꠊꠣꠝ (gámo)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀖𑀫𑁆𑀫 (ghamma)
  - Konkani: घाम (ghām)
  - Old Marathi: 𑘑𑘰𑘦 (ghāma)
    - Marathi: घाम (ghām)
- Paisaci Prakrit: 𑀔𑀫𑁆𑀫 (khamma)
- Sauraseni Prakrit:
  - Nepali: घाम (ghām)
  - Romani: kham
    - Caló: cam
→ Hindi: घर्म (gharm)
→ Urdu: گھرم (gharm)

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