< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/twiznāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *twiznaz (“twine”) +‎ *-āną.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈtwiz.nɑː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*twiznāną

  1. to twine, wind threads

Inflection
Conjugation of *twiznāną (weak class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *twiznō ?— ? ?
2nd singular *twiznaisi ?*twiznai*twiznāsai ?
3rd singular *twiznaiþi ?*twiznāþau*twiznāþai ?
1st dual *twiznōs ?———
2nd dual *twiznāþiz ?*twiznāþiz——
1st plural *twiznāmaz ?—*twiznānþai ?
2nd plural *twiznaiþ ?*twiznaiþ*twiznānþai ?
3rd plural *twiznānþi ?*twiznānþau*twiznānþai ?
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *twiznadǭ*twiznadēdį̄
2nd singular *twiznadēz*twiznadēdīz
3rd singular *twiznadē*twiznadēdī
1st dual *twiznadēdū*twiznadēdīw
2nd dual *twiznadēdudiz*twiznadēdīdiz
1st plural *twiznadēdum*twiznadēdīm
2nd plural *twiznadēdud*twiznadēdīd
3rd plural *twiznadēdun*twiznadēdīn
present past
participles *twiznāndz*twiznadaz

Alternative reconstructions

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *twiʀnēn, *twiʀnōn
    • Old English: *twīnian
    • Old Frisian: *twīnia
      • Saterland Frisian: twienje
      • West Frisian: twynje, twine
    • Old Saxon: *twirnōn
      • Middle Low German: twernen
        • Low German: twernen
    • Old Dutch: *twirnon, *twīnon
      • Middle Dutch: twernen, twinen
        • Dutch: tweernen, twijnen
    • Old High German: zwirnēn, zwirnōn
  • Old Norse: tvinna

References
  1. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*twiznōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 414
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