< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stuþjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

From *stuþs (“support, prop, post”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈstuθ.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*stuþjaną[2]

  1. to support

Inflection
Conjugation of *stuþjaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *stuþjō*stuþjaų—*stuþjai ?
2nd singular *stuþisi*stuþjais*stuþi*stuþjasai*stuþjaisau
3rd singular *stuþiþi*stuþjai*stuþjaþau*stuþjaþai*stuþjaiþau
1st dual *stuþjōs*stuþjaiw———
2nd dual *stuþjaþiz*stuþjaiþiz*stuþjaþiz——
1st plural *stuþjamaz*stuþjaim—*stuþjanþai*stuþjainþau
2nd plural *stuþiþ*stuþjaiþ*stuþiþ*stuþjanþai*stuþjainþau
3rd plural *stuþjanþi*stuþjain*stuþjanþau*stuþjanþai*stuþjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *stuþidǭ*stuþidēdį̄
2nd singular *stuþidēz*stuþidēdīz
3rd singular *stuþidē*stuþidēdī
1st dual *stuþidēdū*stuþidēdīw
2nd dual *stuþidēdudiz*stuþidēdīdiz
1st plural *stuþidēdum*stuþidēdīm
2nd plural *stuþidēdud*stuþidēdīd
3rd plural *stuþidēdun*stuþidēdīn
present past
participles *stuþjandz*stuþidaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *stuþþjan
    • Old High German: studden, studen
      • Middle High German: stüden
  • Old Norse: styðja

References
  1. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*stuđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 382
  2. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*stuþ/d-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 489: “*stuþjan-”
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