< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stenaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)tenh₂- (“to crash, sound, thunder, roar, moan”). Cognate with Latin tonō (“to thunder”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈste.nɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *stenaną (strong class 4)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *stenō | *stenaų | — | *stenai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *stinizi | *stenaiz | *sten | *stenazai | *stenaizau |
| 3rd singular | *stinidi | *stenai | *stenadau | *stenadai | *stenaidau |
| 1st dual | *stenōz | *stenaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *stenadiz | *stenaidiz | *stenadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *stenamaz | *stenaim | — | *stenandai | *stenaindau |
| 2nd plural | *stinid | *stenaid | *stinid | *stenandai | *stenaindau |
| 3rd plural | *stenandi | *stenain | *stenandau | *stenandai | *stenaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *stan | *stēnį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *stant | *stēnīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *stan | *stēnī | |||
| 1st dual | *stēnū | *stēnīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *stēnudiz | *stēnīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *stēnum | *stēnīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *stēnud | *stēnīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *stēnun | *stēnīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *stenandz | *stunanaz | |||
Related terms
Derived terms
- *stanjaną
- *stēnijaną
- *stuniz
- *stunjaną
- *stunōną
Descendants
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*stenanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 374
- Seebold, Elmar (1970) “STEN-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 469
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