< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)tenh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*(s)tenh₂- [1][2]

  1. to thunder

Derived terms
  • *(s)ténh₂-e-ti (athematic root present)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *sténō
    • Proto-Italic: *tenō[3]
      • Latin: tonō (“to thunder”) (readjusted to iterative[3]) (see there for further descendants)
  • (s)ténh₂-t ~ (s)tn̥h₂-ént (athematic root aorist)[1]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HáštanHt[4]
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HáṣṭanHt
        • Sanskrit: *áṣṭanīt[1]
          • ⇒ Sanskrit: स्तन् (stan, 3sg.inj.act), ष्टनिहि (ṣṭanihi, “to thunder”, 2sg.impv.act.)
  • *(s)ténh₂-ye-ti (ye-present)[1]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tányati
  • *(s)tonh₂-éye-ti (iterative)[1][3]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stanHáyanti
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *stanHáyanti
        • Sanskrit: स्तनयति (stanáyanti, “to thunder”)
    • Proto-Italic: *tonāō[3]
      • Latin: tonō (“to thunder”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *(s)ténh₂-tr̥ ~ *(s)tn̥h₂-tén-s
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tánHtā (“thunder”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic: *tenatrus
      • Latin: tonitrus (“thunder”) (readjusted to iterative) (see there for further descendants)
  • *(s)tónh₂-r̥ ~ *(s)ténh₂-n̥s, *(s)ténh₂-r̥ ~ *(s)tn̥h₂-éns
    • Proto-Celtic: *toranos (“thunder”) (< *tonaros < *(s)tónh₂r-os[5]) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *þun(a)raz (“thunder”) (< *(s)tn̥h₂r-os[5]) (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

References
  1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*(s)tenh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 597
  2. Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “STAN¹”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 752: “Idg. *(s)tenh₂”
  3. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “tonō, -āre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 623: “PIt. *tena- [pr./aor.], *tonaje- [pr.]; PIE *(s)tenh₂- [aor.] ‘to thunder’, *(s)tonh₂-eie/o- [pr.]”
  4. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “stan⁽ⁱ⁾”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 472-473: “stan(H)-”
  5. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*torano-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 384: “PIE *(s)tonHr- / *stnHr-os”
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