< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spīwaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ptēiw-, *(s)ptyēw- (“to spit, vomit”). Cognate with Latin spuō (“spit”, verb), Ancient Greek πτύω (ptúō, “spit, vomit”), Old Armenian թուք (tʻukʻ), Old Church Slavonic пльвати (plĭvati), Sanskrit ष्ठीवति (ṣṭhīvati).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈspiː.wɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *spīwaną (strong class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *spīwō | *spīwaų | — | *spīwai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *spīwizi | *spīwaiz | *spīw | *spīwazai | *spīwaizau |
| 3rd singular | *spīwidi | *spīwai | *spīwadau | *spīwadai | *spīwaidau |
| 1st dual | *spīwōz | *spīwaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *spīwadiz | *spīwaidiz | *spīwadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *spīwamaz | *spīwaim | — | *spīwandai | *spīwaindau |
| 2nd plural | *spīwid | *spīwaid | *spīwid | *spīwandai | *spīwaindau |
| 3rd plural | *spīwandi | *spīwain | *spīwandau | *spīwandai | *spīwaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *spaiw | *spiwį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *spaiwt | *spiwīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *spaiw | *spiwī | |||
| 1st dual | *spiwū | *spiwīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *spiwudiz | *spiwīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *spiwum | *spiwīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *spiwud | *spiwīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *spiwun | *spiwīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *spīwandz | *spiwanaz | |||
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*spīwan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 468
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*spīwanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 365
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