< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skēpą
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Unknown. May be a wanderword from West Asia: compare Persian چپش (čapeš, “yearling goat”), Proto-Scythian *capi (whence Ossetian цӕу (cæw, “goat”); probably also loaned into Albanian as cap, cjap (“he-goat”) and Slavic as *capъ (“he-goat”)) and Proto-Turkic *čepiš (“yearling goat”).[1][2]
Other proposals include:
- An old European substrate word[3][4][5][6][7]
- Derived from the root of *skabaną (“to scratch, scrape, shave, shear”), with *b > *p via Kluge's law;[8] this may be evidenced by Old High German scāpāri, scāppāri (“sheepskin”) which points to a Proto-Germanic form with *b[9]
- Mallory & Adams assume a relation to Old English hēcen (“kid”) (see Proto-West Germanic *hōkīn) and propose Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱégos (“goat, sheep”), comparing several Indo-Iranian cognates such as Sanskrit छगल (chagala), छाग (chā́ga, “goat”) (whence Marathi सागा (sāgā, “flock of sheep”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sčágas.[10]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈskɛː.pɑ̃/
Inflection
| neuter a-stemDeclension of *skēpą (neuter a-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | *skēpą | *skēpō | |
| vocative | *skēpą | *skēpō | |
| accusative | *skēpą | *skēpō | |
| genitive | *skēpas, *skēpis | *skēpǫ̂ | |
| dative | *skēpai | *skēpamaz | |
| instrumental | *skēpō | *skēpamiz | |
Related terms
- *keppô (“goat”)
Descendants
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*keppōn”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 213
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*skēpan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 340
- Polomé, Edgar C. (1986) “The non-Indo-European component of the Germanic lexicon”, in Annemarie Etter, editor, o-o-per-ro-si. Festschrift für Ernst Risch zum 75. Geburtstag, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 661–672
- Polomé, Edgar C. (1990) “The Indo-Europeanization of northern Europe: the linguistic evidence”, in Journal of Indo-European Studies, volume 18, pages 331–338
- Huld, M. E. (1990) “The linguistic typology of the old European substrata in North Central Europe”, in Journal of Indo-European Studies, volume 18, pages 389–411
- Vennemann, Theo (1994) “Linguistic reconstruction in the context of European prehistory”, in Transactions of the Philological Society, volume 92, pages 215–284
- Vennemann, Theo (1998) “Basken, Semiten, Indogermanen. Urheimatfragen in linguistischer und anthropologischer Sicht”, in Wolfgang Meid, editor, Sprache und Kultur der Indogermanen. Akten der X. Fachtagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft, Innsbruck, 22.–28. September 1996, volume 93, Innsbruck: Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft, pages 119–138
- Kroonen, Guus (2011) The Proto-Germanic n-stems: A study in diachronic morphophonology, Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 45
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*skēpa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 443
- Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 140: “*(s)k̂egos”
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