< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nurþraz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *h₁nŕ̥t(e)ros, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ner- (inner, under), from *h₁en (in). Compare Ancient Greek ἐνέρτερος (enérteros), νέρτερος (nérteros).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈnur.θrɑz/

Adjective

*nurþraz (comparative *nurþrōzô, superlative *nurþrōstaz)

  1. north, northern

Inflection


Derived terms

Coordinate terms

(compass points)

*nurþraz
*westraz *austraz
*sunþraz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *norþr
    • Old English: norþ
      • Middle English: north, norþ, northe, norþe, norrþ
        • English: north
        • Scots: north
        • Yola: nordh, noardth
      • Old French: nort (see there for further descendants)
    • Old Frisian: north
    • Old Saxon: *nordar
      • Middle Low German: nōrder, narder
    • Old High German: *nordar
      • Middle High German: norder
  • Old Norse: norðr
    • Icelandic: norður
    • Faroese: norður
    • Norn: nord
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: nord, norder-
    • Old Swedish: nor
      • Swedish: norr, nord (influenced by Dutch or Low German)
    • Danish: nord
      • Norwegian Bokmål: nord
    • Gutnish: nådar, nårdar

Adverb

*nurþraz (comparative *nurþrōz, superlative *nurþrōst)

  1. north, northward

Descendants

References

  • Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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