< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grōnāną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈɣrɔː.nɑː.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *grōnāną (weak class 3)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *grōnō | ? | — | ? | ? |
| 2nd singular | *grōnaisi | ? | *grōnai | *grōnāsai | ? |
| 3rd singular | *grōnaiþi | ? | *grōnāþau | *grōnāþai | ? |
| 1st dual | *grōnōs | ? | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *grōnāþiz | ? | *grōnāþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *grōnāmaz | ? | — | *grōnānþai | ? |
| 2nd plural | *grōnaiþ | ? | *grōnaiþ | *grōnānþai | ? |
| 3rd plural | *grōnānþi | ? | *grōnānþau | *grōnānþai | ? |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *grōnadǭ | *grōnadēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *grōnadēz | *grōnadēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *grōnadē | *grōnadēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *grōnadēdū | *grōnadēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *grōnadēdudiz | *grōnadēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *grōnadēdum | *grōnadēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *grōnadēdud | *grōnadēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *grōnadēdun | *grōnadēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *grōnāndz | *grōnadaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *grōnēn
- Old English: grēnian
- Old Frisian: *grēnia
- West Frisian: grienje
- Saterland Frisian: gräinje
- Old Saxon: *grōnōn
- Middle Low German: grônen
- Old Dutch: *gruonon, gruonen (attested as an intransitive class 1 weak verb, which suggests an early merger)
- Old High German: gruonēn
- Middle High German: gruonen
- German: grünen
- Middle High German: gruonen
- Old Norse: gróna
- Icelandic: gróna
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