< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/garwijaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣɑr.wi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *garwijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *garwijō | *garwijaų | — | *garwijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *garwīsi | *garwijais | *garwī | *garwijasai | *garwijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *garwīþi | *garwijai | *garwijaþau | *garwijaþai | *garwijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *garwijōs | *garwijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *garwijaþiz | *garwijaiþiz | *garwijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *garwijamaz | *garwijaim | — | *garwijanþai | *garwijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *garwīþ | *garwijaiþ | *garwīþ | *garwijanþai | *garwijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *garwijanþi | *garwijain | *garwijanþau | *garwijanþai | *garwijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *garwidǭ | *garwidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *garwidēz | *garwidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *garwidē | *garwidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *garwidēdū | *garwidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *garwidēdudiz | *garwidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *garwidēdum | *garwidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *garwidēdud | *garwidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *garwidēdun | *garwidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *garwijandz | *garwidaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *garwijan
- Old Norse: gera, gerva, gøra, gørva, gjǫra, gjǫrva, gǫra, gǫrva
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*garwjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 170
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*ʒarwjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 127
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