< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fukkōną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɸuk.kɔː.nɑ̃/
Inflection
The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *fukk- against non-singular *fuk-.
Conjugation of *fukkōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *fukkō | *fukkǭ | — | *fukkōi | ? |
| 2nd singular | *fukkōsi | *fukkōs | *fukkō | *fukkōsai | *fukkōsau |
| 3rd singular | *fukkōþi | *fukkō | *fukkōþau | *fukkōþai | *fukkōþau |
| 1st dual | *fukkōs | *fukkōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *fukkōþiz | *fukkōþiz | *fukkōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *fukkōmaz | *fukkōm | — | *fukkōnþai | *fukkōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *fukkōþ | *fukkōþ | *fukkōþ | *fukkōnþai | *fukkōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *fukkōnþi | *fukkōn | *fukkōnþau | *fukkōnþai | *fukkōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *fukkōdǭ | *fukkōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *fukkōdēz | *fukkōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *fukkōdē | *fukkōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *fukkōdēdū | *fukkōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *fukkōdēdudiz | *fukkōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *fukkōdēdum | *fukkōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *fukkōdēdud | *fukkōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *fukkōdēdun | *fukkōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *fukkōndz | *fukkōdaz | |||
Related terms
- *faukijaną
- *feukaną/*fūkaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *fokkōn
- >? Middle Low German: vucken (spurious; localised error for Middle Low German rucken, rücken)
- Old Dutch: *fokkon
- Middle Dutch: vocken
- Old High German: fohhōn, fochōn
- Middle High German: fochen
- Old Norse: *fokka
- Icelandic: fokka
Further reading
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Etymology 2
From Pre-Germanic *pugnéh₂-, likely a zero-grade iterative from Proto-Indo-European *pug-, *pewǵ- (“to strike, assail”). Related to Latin pugnus (“fist”), Ancient Greek πυγμή (pugmḗ, “fist”), possibly also Russian пуга́ть (pugátʹ, “to frighten, scare”).
Inflection
The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *fukk- against non-singular *fuk-.
Conjugation of *fukkōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *fukkō | *fukkǭ | — | *fukkōi | ? |
| 2nd singular | *fukkōsi | *fukkōs | *fukkō | *fukkōsai | *fukkōsau |
| 3rd singular | *fukkōþi | *fukkō | *fukkōþau | *fukkōþai | *fukkōþau |
| 1st dual | *fukkōs | *fukkōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *fukkōþiz | *fukkōþiz | *fukkōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *fukkōmaz | *fukkōm | — | *fukkōnþai | *fukkōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *fukkōþ | *fukkōþ | *fukkōþ | *fukkōnþai | *fukkōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *fukkōnþi | *fukkōn | *fukkōnþau | *fukkōnþai | *fukkōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *fukkōdǭ | *fukkōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *fukkōdēz | *fukkōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *fukkōdē | *fukkōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *fukkōdēdū | *fukkōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *fukkōdēdudiz | *fukkōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *fukkōdēdum | *fukkōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *fukkōdēdud | *fukkōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *fukkōdēdun | *fukkōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *fukkōndz | *fukkōdaz | |||
Related terms
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