< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bugjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Orel derives the root from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ- (“to bend; curve, arch”), with semantic shift "to bend" > "to take away, deliver" > "to deal, buy" comparable to that seen in Ancient Greek πέλω (pélō, “to turn, move”) > πωλέω (pōléō, “to sell”). Kroonen is skeptical of the proposed semantics, and leaves the origin open.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈbuɣ.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*bugjaną[1][2]

  1. to deal; do business; exchange
  2. to purchase; buy
  3. to accept

Synonyms

Inflection
Conjugation of *bugjaną (weak class 1 j-present)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *bugjō*bugjaų—*bugjai ?
2nd singular *bugisi*bugjais*bugi*bugjasai*bugjaisau
3rd singular *bugiþi*bugjai*bugjaþau*bugjaþai*bugjaiþau
1st dual *bugjōs*bugjaiw———
2nd dual *bugjaþiz*bugjaiþiz*bugjaþiz——
1st plural *bugjamaz*bugjaim—*bugjanþai*bugjainþau
2nd plural *bugiþ*bugjaiþ*bugiþ*bugjanþai*bugjainþau
3rd plural *bugjanþi*bugjain*bugjanþau*bugjanþai*bugjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *buhtǭ*buhtēdį̄
2nd singular *buhtēz*buhtēdīz
3rd singular *buhtē*buhtēdī
1st dual *buhtēdū*buhtēdīw
2nd dual *buhtēdudiz*buhtēdīdiz
1st plural *buhtēdum*buhtēdīm
2nd plural *buhtēdud*buhtēdīd
3rd plural *buhtēdun*buhtēdīn
present past
participles *bugjandz*bugidaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *buggjan
    • Old English: byċġan, biċġan
      • Middle English: byen, bien, biggen, buggen
        • English: buy
        • Scots: by
        • Yola: bidge
    • Old Saxon: buggian, buggean
    • Old High German: *buggen
      • ⇒ Old High German: bugidi
      • ⇒ Old High German: bugihaft
  • Old Norse: byggja (“to marry; to rent out (land, a farm, etc.)”)
    • Faroese: byggja
    • Icelandic: byggja[3]
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: byggje (“to rent out; to hire (servants, workers)”)
    • Old Swedish: byggia (“to rent”)
  • Gothic: 𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bugjan)

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bugjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 82
  2. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*buʒjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 61
  3. “byggja (2)” in: Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon — Íslensk orðsifjabók, (1989). Reykjavík, Orðabók Háskólans. (Available on Málið.is under the “Eldra mál” tab.)
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.