< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic

Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/halmëh

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Borrowed either from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Latvian salms, Lithuanian želmuo), or from Proto-Germanic *halmaz.

Noun

*halmëh[1]

  1. swidden being cultivated

Inflection
Inflection of *halmëh
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *halmëh *halmëhët
accusative *halmëhën *halmëhët
genitive *halmëhën *halmëhtën
*halmëhidën
partitive *halmëhta *halmëhita
inessive *halmëhëssa
*halmëhëhna		 *halmëhissa
*halmëhihna
elative *halmëhësta *halmëhista
illative *halmëhësën *halmëhisën
adessive *halmëhëlla *halmëhilla
ablative *halmëhëlta *halmëhilta
allative *halmëhëlën
*halmëhëlëk		 *halmëhilën
*halmëhilëk
essive *halmëhëna *halmëhina
translative *halmëhëksi *halmëhiksi
instructive *halmëhën *halmëhin
comitative *halmëhënëk *halmëhinëk
abessive *halmëhëtta *halmëhitta

Coordinate terms
  • *aho (“abandoned swidden”)
  • *hukta (“burnt swidden”)
  • *kaski (“swidden”)
  • *rasi (“unburned swidden”)

Descendants
  • Estonian: ale
  • Finnish: halme
  • Karelian:
    • North Karelian: halmeh
    • South Karelian: halmeh
  • Livvi: halmeh
  • Ludian: halmeh
  • Veps: haumeh, haumez

References
  1. Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*halmëh”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto‎ (in Finnish)

Further reading
  • “ale”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
  • Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “halme”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
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