< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/halmaz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *ḱolh₂mos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₂- (“to stick; prick; stab”). Cognate with Latin culmus, Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos). Kroonen, who adds Lithuanian kélmas (“tree trunk”) as a cognate, reconstructs the original athematic paradigm as *ḱélh₂-m̥ ~ *ḱl̥h₂-m-ós (cf. *elm-, *alm-, *ulm- (“elm”)), rejecting Beekes' *ḱólh₂-m̥ ~ *ḱl̥h₂-ém-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxɑl.mɑz/
Inflection
| masculine a-stemDeclension of *halmaz (masculine a-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | *halmaz | *halmōz, *halmōs | |
| vocative | *halm | *halmōz, *halmōs | |
| accusative | *halmą | *halmanz | |
| genitive | *halmas, *halmis | *halmǫ̂ | |
| dative | *halmai | *halmamaz | |
| instrumental | *halmō | *halmamiz | |
Descendants
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2011) “*helm, *hulmaz”, in The Proto-Germanic n-stems: A study in diachronic morphophonology, Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 162–163
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*xalmaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 156
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