< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic

Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/cika

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

From earlier *tika, as a part of the old layer of agricultural terminology in the more western Uralic languages whose origin remains unclear. Generally considered to be related at least to the words for "pig" in the Mordvinic languages (Erzya туво (tuvo), Moksha тува (tuva)), although the sound correspondences are not entirely regular. According to Koivulehto, the word might be a loanword from Proto-West Germanic *tigā (“goat”) (whence German Ziege), but this remains uncertain due to the semantic difference (compare however *lehmä). Another possibility is an old borrowing from Balto-Slavic from the same word whence Proto-Slavic *dikъ (“wild animal, especially a wild boar”), in which case the word would be cognate with Polish dzik (“wild boar”) and possibly Laconian Ancient Greek σίκα (síka, “pig”).

Noun

*cika[1]

  1. pig

Inflection
Inflection of *cika
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *cika *cigat
accusative *cigan *cigat
genitive *cigan *cikadën
*cikoidën
partitive *cikada *cikoida
inessive *cigassa
*cigahna		 *cigoissa
*cigoihna
elative *cigasta *cigoista
illative *cikahën *cikoihën
adessive *cigalla *cigoilla
ablative *cigalta *cigoilta
allative *cikalën
*cikalëk		 *cikoilën
*cikoilëk
essive *cikana *cikoina
translative *cigaksi *cigoiksi
instructive *cigan *cigoin
comitative *cikanëk *cikoinëk
abessive *cigatta *cigoitta

Descendants
  • Estonian: siga
  • Finnish: sika
  • Ingrian: sika
  • Karelian:
    • North Karelian: šika
    • South Karelian: šiga
  • Livonian: sigā
  • Livvi: siga
  • Ludian: šiga
  • Veps: siga
  • Võro: tsiga
  • Votic: sika
  • → Inari Sami: šahe
  • → Skolt Sami: šââ´ǩǩ
  • → Kildin Sami: шагкь (šagk’)
  • → Ter Sami: šâkke
  • → Russian: (dialectal) сика (sika), жижка (žižka)

References
  1. Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*cika”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto‎ (in Finnish)
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