< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kaletos
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
If the original meaning was "frozen" before evolving into "hard," possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlH-eto- (“cold”), related to *kal- (“hard”), see also Proto-Germanic *haliþaz (“hero”), Latin calleo (“I am hardened”). MacBain prefers a connection with Proto-Germanic *halluz (“stone, boulder”), from *(s)kel- (“to cut; hew”).[1]
Inflection
| O/ā-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kaletos | *kaletou | *kaletoi |
| vocative | *kalete | *kaletou | *kaletoi |
| accusative | *kaletom | *kaletou | *kaletoms |
| genitive | *kaletī | *kaletous | *kaletom |
| dative | *kaletūi | *kaletobom | *kaletobos |
| instrumental | *kaletū | *kaletobim | *kaletobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kaletā | *kaletai | *kaletās |
| vocative | *kaletā | *kaletai | *kaletās |
| accusative | *kaletam | *kaletai | *kaletams |
| genitive | *kaletās | *kaletous | *kaletom |
| dative | *kaletai | *kaletābom | *kaletābos |
| instrumental | *? | *kaletābim | *kaletābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kaletom | *kaletou | *kaletā |
| vocative | *kaletom | *kaletou | *kaletā |
| accusative | *kaletom | *kaletou | *kaletā |
| genitive | *kaletī | *kaletous | *kaletom |
| dative | *kaletūi | *kaletobom | *kaletobos |
| instrumental | *kaletū | *kaletobim | *kaletobis |
Descendants
References
- MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “caladh”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Stirling, →ISBN
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kaleto-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 185
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