Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/quzaN

This Proto-Austronesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Austronesian

Alternative forms

*qujaɬ (Wolff 2010)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /quɟ͡ʝalʲ/

Noun

*quzaN

rain

Descendants

Northern Formosan
- Northwestern Formosan
  - Saisiyat: 'a'oral
- Western Plains
  - Pazeh: ʔudaƚ
  - Thao: qusaz
Eastern Formosan
- Kavalanic
  - Kavalan: uzan
- Ami
  - Amis: 'orad
  - Sakizaya: udad
Tsouic
- Southern Tsouic
  - Kanakanabu: 'ʉcaan
  - Saaroa: usahlʉ
Bunun: hudan
Rukai: udale
Puyuma: udalr
Paiwan: qudjalj
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *quzan (“rain”)
- Proto-Philippine: *qudán
  - Northern Luzon
    - Yogad: uran
    - Pangasinic
      - Pangasinan: uran
  - Central Luzon
    - Kapampangan: urán
  - Greater Central Philippine
    - Central Philippine
      - Tagalog: ulán
      - Bikol
        Coastal Bikol
        Bikol Central: urán
      - Visayan
        Cebuano: ulán
        Waray-Waray: urán
    - Manobo
      - Northern Manobo
        Binukid: uzan
    - Danao
      - Maranao: oran
  - South Mindanao
    - Tboli: kulón
- North Bornean
  - North Sarawakan
    - Kelabit: udan
- Barito
  - East Barito
    - Malagasy: orana
- Northwest Sumatra
  - Proto-Batak: *udan
    - Karo Batak: udan
    - Simalungun Batak: udan
    - Toba Batak: udan
- Old Javanese: udan
  - Javanese: udan
- Moken: kujan
- Malayo-Sumbawan
  - Sundanese: ᮠᮥᮏᮔ᮪ (hujan)
  - Balinese: ᬳᬸᬚᬦ᭄
  - Proto-Malayo-Chamic: *hujan
    - Proto-Chamic: *hujaːn
      - Acehnese: ujeuen
      - Coastal Chamic:
        Cham:
        Eastern Cham: ꨨꨎꩆ (hajan)
        Western Cham: jan
      - Highlands Chamic:
        Chru-Northern Chamic:
        Chru: xəja:n
        Northern Chamic:
        Northern Roglai: hujaːt
        Tsat: saːn¹¹
        Jarai: hơjan
        Rade: hjan
    - Malayic
      - Malayan
        Malay: hujan
        Malacca (Riau) Malay
        Indonesian: hujan
      - Ibanic
        Iban: ujan
- South Sulawesi
  - Toraja-Sa'dan: uran
- Celebic
  - Balantak: usan
  - Lindu: uda
- Palauan: chull
- Chamorro: uchan
- Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
  - Timor-Babar
    - Tetumic
      - Tetum: udan
    - South-East Timor
      - Luangic
        Leti (Indonesia): utna
  - Proto-Oceanic: *qusan
    - Admiralty Islands
      - Manus
        Bipi: wus
    - Western Oceanic
      - Meso-Melanesian
        Bali–Vitu
        Uneapa: huzaŋa
        Muduapa: huza
        Willaumez
        Nakanai: hura
        New Ireland–Northwest Solomonic
        Tungag–Nalik
        Tigak: usan
        Northwest Solomonic
        Tinputz: ùhòn
        Uruava: ua
      - North New Guinea
        Schouten
        Kis: ula
        Manam: ura
        Huon Gulf
        Numbami: usana
        Labu: u
      - Papuan Tip
        Are
        Ubir: usan
        Dobu–Duau
        Molima: ’usana
        Kilivila–Misima
        Kilivila: kuna
    - Central-Eastern Oceanic
      - Southeast Solomonic
        Bugotu–Nggela
        Bughotu: uha
        Gela: uha
        Malaita–Makira
        Malaita
        'Are'are: uta
        Kwaio: uta
        Lau: uta
        Makira
        Arosi: uta
        Sa'a: ute
      - Southern Oceanic
        North Vanuatu
        Torres–Banks
        Lakon: oh
        Espiritu Santo
        West Santo
        Piamatsina: usa
        Nokuku: usa
        Tiale: usa
        Merei: usa
        Amblong: uza
        South Santo
        Mafea: usa
        Aore: usa
        Araki: usa
        South Pentecost
        Apma: us
        South Vanuatu
        Central Vanuatu
        Malakula
        Uripiv-Wala-Rano-Atchin: no-us, na-us
        Neverver: na-us
        Avava: a-uh
        Axamb: na-us
        Ambrym–Paama–Epi
        Southeast Ambrym: us
        Bierebo: yua
        Shepherd–Efate
        South Efate: us
      - Micronesian
        Nuclear Micronesian
        Marshallese: wōt (“rain”), ute (“to rain on”)
        Chuukic-Pohnpeic
        Chuukic
        Chuukese: wúút
        Puluwat: wút
        Saipan Carolinian: úút
        Ulithian-Woleaian
        Woleaian: uute
        Echangese
        Sonsorolese: wúúta
        Pohnpeic
        Mokilese: wud (“rain, to rain”)
      - Central Pacific
        West Fijian–Rotuman
        Rotuman: usa
        Western Fijian: uca
        East Fijian–Polynesian
        Fijian: uca
        Proto-Polynesian: *quha (“rain”)
        Tongic
        Tongan: ʻuha (“rain, to rain, rainy, wet”)
        Niuean: uha
        Niuafo'ou: ʻua
        Nuclear Polynesian
        Samoic–Outlier
        Ellicean
        Tuvaluan: ua
        Kapingamarangi: ua
        Nukuoro: ua
        Samoic
        Samoan: ua
        Tokelauan: ua
        Eastern Polynesian
        Marquesic
        North Marquesan: ua
        Mangarevan: ùa
        Hawaiian: ua (“rain, to rain, rainy”)
        Tahitic
        Tahitian: ua
        Rarotongan: ua
        Maori: ua (“rain, to rain”)
        Rapa Nui: ûa

References

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