-ito
Italian
Latin
Etymology
From -tō, although the appearance of -i- when affixed to first conjugation verbs has not been explained.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /i.toː/, [ɪt̪oː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /i.to/, [it̪o] (stressed on antepenult)
Suffix
-itō (present infinitive -itāre, perfect active -itāvī, supine -itātum); first conjugation
- Forms frequentative verbs from existing verbs or from certain adjectives (notably adjectives of the third declension in -is, -alis, and -bilis/-ibilis)
Usage notes
Unlike -tō, this suffix is attached to the present stem of the verb. The vowel of the suffix replaces any final vowel of the stem, thus cantā- > cant-itā-. It is often found suffixed to first conjugation verbs, including existing frequentatives in -tō, but some examples from other conjugations also exist, such as agō > agitō.
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -itō (first conjugation) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | -itō | -itās | -itat | -itāmus | -itātis | -itant |
| imperfect | -itābam | -itābās | -itābat | -itābāmus | -itābātis | -itābant | |
| future | -itābō | -itābis | -itābit | -itābimus | -itābitis | -itābunt | |
| perfect | -itāvī | -itāvistī | -itāvit | -itāvimus | -itāvistis | -itāvērunt, -itāvēre | |
| pluperfect | -itāveram | -itāverās | -itāverat | -itāverāmus | -itāverātis | -itāverant | |
| future perfect | -itāverō | -itāveris | -itāverit | -itāverimus | -itāveritis | -itāverint | |
| sigmatic future1 | -itāssō | -itāssis | -itāssit | -itāssimus | -itāssitis | -itāssint | |
| passive | present | -itor | -itāris, -itāre |
-itātur | -itāmur | -itāminī | -itantur |
| imperfect | -itābar | -itābāris, -itābāre |
-itābātur | -itābāmur | -itābāminī | -itābantur | |
| future | -itābor | -itāberis, -itābere |
-itābitur | -itābimur | -itābiminī | -itābuntur | |
| perfect | -itātus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | -itātus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | -itātus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| sigmatic future1 | -itāssor | -itāsseris | -itāssitur | — | — | — | |
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | -item | -itēs | -itet | -itēmus | -itētis | -itent |
| imperfect | -itārem | -itārēs | -itāret | -itārēmus | -itārētis | -itārent | |
| perfect | -itāverim | -itāverīs | -itāverit | -itāverīmus | -itāverītis | -itāverint | |
| pluperfect | -itāvissem | -itāvissēs | -itāvisset | -itāvissēmus | -itāvissētis | -itāvissent | |
| sigmatic aorist1 | -itāssim | -itāssīs | -itāssīt | -itāssīmus | -itāssītis | -itāssint | |
| passive | present | -iter | -itēris, -itēre |
-itētur | -itēmur | -itēminī | -itentur |
| imperfect | -itārer | -itārēris, -itārēre |
-itārētur | -itārēmur | -itārēminī | -itārentur | |
| perfect | -itātus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | -itātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | -itā | — | — | -itāte | — |
| future | — | -itātō | -itātō | — | -itātōte | -itantō | |
| passive | present | — | -itāre | — | — | -itāminī | — |
| future | — | -itātor | -itātor | — | — | -itantor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | -itāre | -itāvisse | -itātūrum esse | -itārī, -itārier2 |
-itātum esse | -itātum īrī | |
| participles | -itāns | — | -itātūrus | — | -itātus | -itandus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| -itandī | -itandō | -itandum | -itandō | -itātum | -itātū | ||
1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb.
2The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈi.tu/
- Rhymes: -itu
Etymology 1
Inherited from Late Latin -ittus. Doublet of -eto, -ete, and -eta.
Derived terms
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈito/ [ˈi.t̪o]
- Rhymes: -ito
- Syllabification: -i‧to
Etymology 1
Inherited from Late Latin -ittus. Doublet of -ete.
Suffix
-ito m (noun-forming suffix, plural -itos, feminine -ita, feminine plural -itas)
- forms diminutives of nouns
Suffix
-ito m (noun-forming suffix, plural -itos)
- (chemistry) forms the name of a salt derived from an acid with a low oxidation number (similar to -ite in English)
Derived terms
Further reading
- “-ito”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Tagalog
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈito/, [ˈi.to]
- Hyphenation: -i‧to
Suffix
-ito (noun-forming suffix, proper noun-forming suffix, feminine -ita, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜆᜓ)
- used to form diminutives of nouns (in specific words)
Derived terms
- Tagalog terms suffixed with -ito