-도다

See also: 도다

Korean

Alternative forms
  • 로다 (-roda) — used only in certain environments, for which refer to usage notes.

Etymology

From Middle Korean 도〮다〮 (Yale: -twótá) first attested in hangul form in Seokbosangjeol, 1447.

Pronunciation
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?doda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?doda
McCune–Reischauer?toda
Yale Romanization?tota

Suffix

도다 • (-doda)

  1. (dated or humorous) A formal non-polite exclamatory ending used to express admiration or surprise.
    Synonym: 는구나 (-neun'guna)
    • 양사언(楊士彦) (Yang Sa'eon), 태산가(泰山歌), Middle Korean translation in modernized language
      태산이 높다 하되 하늘 아래 뫼이로다
      Taesan-i nopda hadoe haneul arae moe-iroda
      Although Taesan is lofty, it is still a mountain underneath heaven
    • 시편 135:11 (KRV 개역한글) [Psalm 135:11 (Korean Revised Version)]; English translation from the King James Version
      곧 아모리인의 왕 시혼과 바산 왕 옥과 가나안의 모든 국왕이로다
      got Amoriin-ui wang Sihon-gwa Basan wang Ok-gwa Ganaan-ui modeun gugwang-iroda
      Sihon king of the Amorites, and Og king of Bashan, And all the kingdoms of Canaan
  2. (humorous, mainly 1st person) A formal non-polite exclamatory ending used to declare a certain fact.
    나는 왔도다 ― na-neun watdoda ― I have come!

Usage notes
  • Even though this was a requirement in Middle Korean, Modern Korean 도다 (-doda) does not have to be substituted with 로다 (-roda) after 이다 (-ida), 아니다 (anida), or 으시 (-eusi-). When used after them, 로다 (-roda) tends to sound more old-fashioned.
  • 로다 (-roda) is still obligatory after 으리 (-euri).

Middle Korean

Alternative forms
  • 로〮다〮 (-lwótá) — after the copula and 으〮리〮 (-úlí-)
  • 옷〮다〮 (-wóstá) — after ᄂᆞ (-no-), 더〮 (-té-), and 거 (-ke-)

Etymology

A compound suffix made up of 도〮 (-twó-, emotive suffix) and 다〮 (-tá, declarative mood suffix).

Suffix

도〮다〮 (twótá)

  1. An exclamatory sentence-final suffix

See also
Middle Korean sentence enders
FormMoodNotesApplied to 셔 (sye-, “to stand”)
다〮 (-tá)
라〮 (-lá)		DeclarativeUnmarked셔다〮 (Yale: syètá)
우〮마〮 (-wúmá)Promissive셔우〮마〮 (Yale: syèwúmá)
ㄴ (-n)다〮 (-tá)InterrogativeRealisObligatory for second-person (2P) subject션다〮 (Yale: syèntá)
가〮 (-ka)Polar question, non-2P subject션가〮 (Yale: syènká)
고〮 (-kwo)Wh-word question, non-2P subject션고〮 (Yale: syènkwó)
ㅭ (-lq)다〮 (-tá)IrrealisObligatory for 2P subject셜따〮 (Yale: syèlttá)
가〮 (-ká)Polar question, non-2P subject셜까〮 (Yale: syèlkká)
고〮 (-kwó)Wh-word question, non-2P subject셜꼬〮 (Yale: syèlkkwó)
니〮 (-ní-)아〮 (-Gá)RealisNon-honorificPolar question셔니〮아〮 (Yale: syèníGá), 셔녀〮 (Yale: syènyé)
오〮 (-Gwó)Non-polar question셔니〮오〮 (Yale: syèníGwó), 셔뇨〮 (Yale: syènywó)
ㅅ (-s-)가〮 (-ká)DeferentialNo polarity distinction셔닛〮가〮 (Yale: syèníská)
ᅌᅵᆺ (-ngìs-)Highly deferential셔니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (Yale: syèníngìská)
리〮 (-lí-)아〮 (-Gá)IrrealisNon-honorificPolar question셔리〮아〮 (Yale: syèlíGá), 셔려〮 (Yale: syèlyé)
오〮 (-Gwó)Non-polar question셔리〮오〮 (Yale: syèlíGwó), 셔료〮 (Yale: syèlywó)
ㅅ (-s-)가〮 (-ká)DeferentialNo polarity distinction셔릿〮가〮 (Yale: syèlíská)
ᅌᅵᆺ (-ngìs-)Highly deferential셔리〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (Yale: syèlíngìská)
라〮 (-lá)ImperativeOrderingNon-honorific셔라〮 (Yale: syèlá)
아〮쎠〮 (-ássyé)
어〮쎠〮 (-éssyé)		Deferential셔〮쎠〮 (Yale: syéssyé)
쇼〮셔〮 (-syósyé)Highly deferential셔쇼〮셔〮 (Yale: syèsyósyé)
고〮 (-kwó-)
오〮 (-Gwó-)		라〮 (-lá)RequestingNon-honorific셔고〮라〮 (Yale: syèkwólá)
려〮 (-lyé)Deferential셔고〮려〮 (Yale: syèkwólyé)
ᅌᅵ (-ngì-)다〮 (-tá)Highly deferential셔고〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (Yale: syèkwóngìtá)
져〮 (-cyé)PropositivePlain셔져〮 (Yale: syècyé)
사〮 (-sá-)ᅌᅵ (-ngì-)다〮 (-tá)Deferential셔사〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (Yale: syèsángìtá)
ㄴ (-n)뎌〮 (-tyé)ExclamatorySelf-honoring션뎌〮 (Yale: syèntyé)
ㅭ (-lq)셔〮 (-syé)셜쎠〮 (Yale: syèlssyé)
고〮나〮 (-kwóná)Only sixteenth century셔고〮나〮 (Yale: syèkwóná)
Based on 나찬연 2020, 중세 국어의 이해; Lee and Ramsey 2011, History of the Korean Language. Morphological segmentation of the verbal paradigm sometimes differs between analyses. The list is not exhaustive.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.