-अन

Hindi

Alternative forms

Pronunciation
  • (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /ən/, [ɐ̃n]

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Sanskrit -अन (-ana), from Proto-Indo-European *-onom (verbal noun suffix). Doublet of -ना (-nā).

Suffix

-अन • (-an)

  1. forms Sanskritic nouns of either gender indicating agent nouns, abstract nouns, tool or means, or location
    ‎पराग (parāg, “pollen”) + ‎-अन (-an) → ‎परागण (parāgaṇ, “pollination”)
    ‎बरतना (baratnā, “to make use of”) + ‎-अन (-an) → ‎बर्तन (bartan, “pot, vessel”)
    ‎ऐंठना (a͠iṭhnā, “to be twisted”) + ‎-अन (-an) → ‎ऐंठन (a͠iṭhan, “a twist, tension”)
Declension
Declension of -अन (masc cons-stem)
singular plural
direct -अन
-an		 -अन
-an
oblique -अन
-an		 -अनों
-anõ
vocative -अन
-an		 -अनो
-ano
Declension of -अन (fem cons-stem)
singular plural
direct -अन
-an		 -अनें
-anẽ
oblique -अन
-an		 -अनों
-anõ
vocative -अन
-an		 -अनो
-ano
Derived terms
Hindi terms suffixed with -अन

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian ـًا (-an), from Arabic ـًا (-an, triptotic indefinite accusative ending).

Suffix

-अन • (-an)

  1. forms adverbs from Perso-Arabic terms
    ‎ऐहतियात (aihtiyāt, “precaution”) + ‎-अन (-an) → ‎ऐहतियातन (aihtiyātan, “precautionarily”)
Derived terms
Hindi terms suffixed with -अन (adverbial)

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
  • -অন (Assamese script)
  • -ᬅᬦ (Balinese script)
  • -অন (Bengali script)
  • -𑰀𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • -𑀅𑀦 (Brahmi script)
  • -အန (Burmese script)
  • -અન (Gujarati script)
  • -ਅਨ (Gurmukhi script)
  • -𑌅𑌨 (Grantha script)
  • -ꦄꦤ (Javanese script)
  • -𑂃𑂢 (Kaithi script)
  • -ಅನ (Kannada script)
  • -អន (Khmer script)
  • -ອນ (Lao script)
  • -അന (Malayalam script)
  • ᠊ᠠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
  • -𑘀𑘡 (Modi script)
  • ᠊ᠠᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
  • -𑦠𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
  • -𑐀𑐣 (Newa script)
  • -ଅନ (Odia script)
  • -ꢂꢥ (Saurashtra script)
  • -𑆃𑆤 (Sharada script)
  • -𑖀𑖡 (Siddham script)
  • -අන (Sinhalese script)
  • -𑩐𑩯 (Soyombo script)
  • -𑚀𑚝 (Takri script)
  • -அந (Tamil script)
  • -అన (Telugu script)
  • -อน (Thai script)
  • -ཨ་ན (Tibetan script)
  • -𑒁𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
  • -𑨀𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *-onom, from *-o- (thematic vowel) + *-nom (verbal noun suffix). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *-aną.

Pronunciation

Suffix

-अन • (-ana) n or m

  1. forms masculine agent nouns
    ‎सम् + गम् (sam + gam, “to gather”) + ‎-अन (-ana) → ‎संगमन (saṃgamana, “gatherer”)
    ‎दृप् (dṛp, “to become/make proud”) + ‎-अन (-ana) → ‎दर्पण (darpaṇa, “mirror < proud-maker”)
  2. forms neuter nouns denoting
    1. verbal abstracta
      ‎कृ (kṛ, “to do, make”) + ‎-अन (-ana) → ‎करण (karaṇa, “(act of) doing”)
      ‎मृ (mṛ, “to die”) + ‎-अन (-ana) → ‎मरण (maraṇa, “death”)
    2. tool or means
      ‎ईक्ष् (īkṣ, “to observe”) + ‎-अन (-ana) → ‎ईक्षण (īkṣaṇa, “eye”)
      ‎वस् (vas, “to dress”) + ‎-अन (-ana) → ‎वसन (vasana, “garment”)
      ‎स्कम्भ् (skambh, “to support”) + ‎-अन (-ana) → ‎स्कम्भन (skambhana, “pillar”)
    3. location
      ‎स्था (sthā, “to stand”) + ‎-अन (-ana) → ‎स्थान (sthāna, “place”)
      ‎यज् (yaj, “to sacrifice”) + ‎-अन (-ana) → ‎यजन (yajana, “sacrificial site”)

Usage notes

The vowel of the root generally takes the गुण (guṇa) degree, but sometimes takes the वृद्धि (vṛddhi) degree.

Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of -अन (-ana)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative -अनः
-anaḥ		 -अनौ / -अना¹
-anau / -anā¹		 -अनाः / -अनासः¹
-anāḥ / -anāsaḥ¹
Vocative -अन
-ana		 -अनौ / -अना¹
-anau / -anā¹		 -अनाः / -अनासः¹
-anāḥ / -anāsaḥ¹
Accusative -अनम्
-anam		 -अनौ / -अना¹
-anau / -anā¹		 -अनान्
-anān
Instrumental -अनेन
-anena		 -अनाभ्याम्
-anābhyām		 -अनैः / -अनेभिः¹
-anaiḥ / -anebhiḥ¹
Dative -अनाय
-anāya		 -अनाभ्याम्
-anābhyām		 -अनेभ्यः
-anebhyaḥ
Ablative -अनात्
-anāt		 -अनाभ्याम्
-anābhyām		 -अनेभ्यः
-anebhyaḥ
Genitive -अनस्य
-anasya		 -अनयोः
-anayoḥ		 -अनानाम्
-anānām
Locative -अने
-ane		 -अनयोः
-anayoḥ		 -अनेषु
-aneṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
Neuter a-stem declension of -अन (-ana)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative -अनम्
-anam		 -अने
-ane		 -अनानि / -अना¹
-anāni / -anā¹
Vocative -अन
-ana		 -अने
-ane		 -अनानि / -अना¹
-anāni / -anā¹
Accusative -अनम्
-anam		 -अने
-ane		 -अनानि / -अना¹
-anāni / -anā¹
Instrumental -अनेन
-anena		 -अनाभ्याम्
-anābhyām		 -अनैः / -अनेभिः¹
-anaiḥ / -anebhiḥ¹
Dative -अनाय
-anāya		 -अनाभ्याम्
-anābhyām		 -अनेभ्यः
-anebhyaḥ
Ablative -अनात्
-anāt		 -अनाभ्याम्
-anābhyām		 -अनेभ्यः
-anebhyaḥ
Genitive -अनस्य
-anasya		 -अनयोः
-anayoḥ		 -अनानाम्
-anānām
Locative -अने
-ane		 -अनयोः
-anayoḥ		 -अनेषु
-aneṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Derived terms
Sanskrit terms suffixed with -अन

Descendants
  • Prakrit: -𑀅𑀡 (-aṇa)
    • Bengali: -না (-na), -অনা (-ona)
    • Hindi: -ना (-nā)

Further reading
  • Wackernagel, Jakob (1896-1964) Altindische Grammatik [Grammar of Ancient Indian] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher)‎ (in German), volume II.2, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, pages 180-206
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