गुण
Hindi
Pronunciation
- (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /ɡʊɳ/, [ɡʊ̃ɳ]
Noun
गुण • (guṇ) m
Declension
Alternative forms
- गुन (gun) — Braj Bhāshā, dated
Marathi
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡuɳ/, [ɡuːɳ]
Noun
गुण • (guṇ) m
Declension
| Declension of गुण (masc cons-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
गुण guṇ | ||
| direct plural |
गुण guṇ | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
गुण guṇ |
गुण guṇ | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
गुणा guṇā |
गुणां- guṇān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
गुणाला guṇālā |
गुणांना guṇānnā | |
| ergative | गुणाने, गुणानं guṇāne, guṇāna |
गुणांनी guṇānnī | |
| instrumental | गुणाशी guṇāśī |
गुणांशी guṇānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
गुणात guṇāt |
गुणांत guṇāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
गुणा guṇā |
गुणांनो guṇānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of गुण (masc cons-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
गुणाचा guṇāċā |
गुणाचे guṇāċe |
गुणाची guṇācī |
गुणाच्या guṇācā |
गुणाचे, गुणाचं guṇāċe, guṇāċa |
गुणाची guṇācī |
गुणाच्या guṇācā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
गुणांचा guṇānċā |
गुणांचे guṇānċe |
गुणांची guṇāñcī |
गुणांच्या guṇāncā |
गुणांचे, गुणांचं guṇānċe, guṇānċa |
गुणांची guṇāñcī |
गुणांच्या guṇāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
References
- Berntsen, Maxine, “गुण”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “गुण”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
Old Gujarati
Descendants
- Gujarati: ગુણ (guṇ)
Pali
Alternative forms
Declension
Declension table of "गुण" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | गुणो (guṇo) | गुणा (guṇā) |
| Accusative (second) | गुणं (guṇaṃ) | गुणे (guṇe) |
| Instrumental (third) | गुणेन (guṇena) | गुणेहि (guṇehi) or गुणेभि (guṇebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | गुणस्स (guṇassa) or गुणाय (guṇāya) or गुणत्थं (guṇatthaṃ) | गुणानं (guṇānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | गुणस्मा (guṇasmā) or गुणम्हा (guṇamhā) or गुणा (guṇā) | गुणेहि (guṇehi) or गुणेभि (guṇebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | गुणस्स (guṇassa) | गुणानं (guṇānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | गुणस्मिं (guṇasmiṃ) or गुणम्हि (guṇamhi) or गुणे (guṇe) | गुणेसु (guṇesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | गुण (guṇa) | गुणा (guṇā) |
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- গুণ (Assamese script)
- ᬕᬸᬡ (Balinese script)
- গুণ (Bengali script)
- 𑰐𑰲𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀕𑀼𑀡 (Brahmi script)
- ဂုဏ (Burmese script)
- ગુણ (Gujarati script)
- ਗੁਣ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌗𑍁𑌣 (Grantha script)
- ꦒꦸꦟ (Javanese script)
- 𑂏𑂳𑂝 (Kaithi script)
- ಗುಣ (Kannada script)
- គុណ (Khmer script)
- ຄຸຓ (Lao script)
- ഗുണ (Malayalam script)
- ᡤᡠᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘐𑘳𑘜 (Modi script)
- ᠺᠤᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦰𑧔𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐐𑐸𑐞 (Newa script)
- ଗୁଣ (Odia script)
- ꢔꢸꢠ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆓𑆶𑆟 (Sharada script)
- 𑖐𑖲𑖜 (Siddham script)
- ගුණ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩞𑩒𑩪 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚌𑚰𑚘 (Takri script)
- கு³ண (Tamil script)
- గుణ (Telugu script)
- คุณ (Thai script)
- གུ་ཎ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒑𑒳𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨍𑨃𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Of uncertain origin. The oldest attested meaning is probably “time, occurrence”, though the original meaning is probably "hair" or "string". The prevailing theory links the word to Persian گون (gun, “color; species”); see there for more. Other theories connect the word to Gothic 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌰 (kunawida, “fetters”) and Avestan 𐬔𐬏𐬥𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬙𐬌 (gūnaoiti, “increases”).
Noun
गुण • (guṇá) stem, m
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of गुण (guṇá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | गुणः guṇáḥ |
गुणौ / गुणा¹ guṇaú / guṇā́¹ |
गुणाः / गुणासः¹ guṇā́ḥ / guṇā́saḥ¹ |
| Vocative | गुण gúṇa |
गुणौ / गुणा¹ gúṇau / gúṇā¹ |
गुणाः / गुणासः¹ gúṇāḥ / gúṇāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | गुणम् guṇám |
गुणौ / गुणा¹ guṇaú / guṇā́¹ |
गुणान् guṇā́n |
| Instrumental | गुणेन guṇéna |
गुणाभ्याम् guṇā́bhyām |
गुणैः / गुणेभिः¹ guṇaíḥ / guṇébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | गुणाय guṇā́ya |
गुणाभ्याम् guṇā́bhyām |
गुणेभ्यः guṇébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | गुणात् guṇā́t |
गुणाभ्याम् guṇā́bhyām |
गुणेभ्यः guṇébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | गुणस्य guṇásya |
गुणयोः guṇáyoḥ |
गुणानाम् guṇā́nām |
| Locative | गुणे guṇé |
गुणयोः guṇáyoḥ |
गुणेषु guṇéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “गुण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0357/1.
- Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “गुण”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 489
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 338
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