𒂊𒅁𒍣
Hittite
Etymology
From Proto-Anatolian *ʔépti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁épti, from the root *h₁ep- (“to seize, take”). Compare Sanskrit आपयति (āpáyati), आप्नोति (āpnóti, “takes, reaches”) and Latin co-epī (“I have undertaken, begun”).
Inflection
| Broad transcription | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First conjugation | ||||
| Nominal forms | ||||
| Infinitive | appanna | |||
| apːánna | ||||
| Participle | appanz | |||
| apːánt͡s | ||||
| Noun | appātar | |||
| apːáːdr̩ | ||||
| Supine | ēppuan | |||
| ɛ́ːpːwn̩ | ||||
| Active | Present | Aorist | Imperative | |
| 1.sg | ēppmi | ēppun | appallu | |
| ɛ́ːpːmi | ɛ́ːpːɔn | apːallu | ||
| 2.sg | ēppši | ēppt | ēpp | |
| ɛ́ːpːsi | ɛ́ːpːt | ɛ́ːpː | ||
| 3.sg | ēppzi | ēppt | ēppdu | |
| ɛ́ːpːt͡si | ɛ́ːpːt | ɛ́ːpːtu | ||
| 1.pl | appueni | ēppuen | appueni | |
| apːwɛ́ni | ɛ́ːpːwɛn | apːwɛ́ni | ||
| 2.pl | appteni | ēppten | ēppten | |
| apːtɛ́ni | ɛ́ːpːtɛn | ɛ́ːpːtɛn | ||
| 3.pl | appanzi | ēpper | appandu | |
| apːánt͡si | ɛ́ːpːɛr | apːántu | ||
| Middle | Present | Aorist | Imperative | |
| 1.sg | appḫari | appḫat | appaḫḫaru | |
| apːχári | apːχád | apːχáru | ||
| 2.sg | apptari | apptat | appḫut | |
| apːtári | apːtád | apːχɔ́d | ||
| 3.sg | appari, apptari | apptat | apparu, apptaru | |
| apːári, apːtári | apːtád | apːáru, apːtáru | ||
| 1.pl | appuašta | appuaštat | appuaštat | |
| apːwásta | apːwástad | apːwástad | ||
| 2.pl | appduma | appdumat | apptumat | |
| apːtumá | apːtumád | apːtumád | ||
| 3.pl | appantari | appantat | appantaru | |
| apːántari | apːántad | apːántaru | ||
| } | ||||
| Cuneiform script | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First conjugation | ||||
| Nominal forms | ||||
| Infinitive | 𒀊𒉺𒀭𒈾 | |||
| ap-pa-an-na | ||||
| Participle | 𒀊𒉺𒀭𒍝 | |||
| ap-pa-an-za | ||||
| Noun | 𒀊𒉺𒀜𒅈 | |||
| ap-pa-at-ar | ||||
| Supine | 𒂊𒅁𒁍𒉿𒀭 | |||
| e-ep-pu-wa-an | ||||
| Active | Present | Aorist | Imperative | |
| 1.sg | 𒂊𒅁𒈪 | 𒂊𒅁𒁍𒌦 | 𒀊𒉺𒀠𒇻 | |
| e-ep-mi | e-ep-pu-un | ap-pa-al-lu | ||
| 2.sg | 𒂊𒅁𒅆 | 𒂊𒅁𒋫 | 𒂊𒅁 | |
| e-ep-ši | e-ep-ta | e-ep | ||
| 3.sg | 𒂊𒅁𒍣 | 𒂊𒅁𒋫 | 𒂊𒅁𒁺 | |
| e-ep-zi | e-ep-ta | e-ep-du | ||
| 1.pl | 𒀊𒁍𒂊𒉌 | 𒂊𒅁𒁍𒂗 | 𒀊𒁍𒂊𒉌 | |
| ap-pu-e-ni | e-ep-pu-en | ap-pu-e-ni | ||
| 2.pl | 𒀊𒋼𒉌 | 𒂊𒅁𒋼𒂗 | 𒂊𒅁𒋼𒂗 | |
| ap-te-ni | e-ep-te-en | e-ep-te-en | ||
| 3.pl | 𒀊𒉺𒀭𒍣 | 𒂊𒅁pe𒅕 | 𒀊𒉺𒀭𒁺 | |
| ap-pa-an-zi | e-ep-pe-er | ap-pa-an-du | ||
| Middle | Present | Aorist | Imperative | |
| 1.sg | 𒀊𒄩𒊑 | 𒀊𒄩𒀜 | 𒀊𒄩𒊒 | |
| ap-ḫa-ri | ap-ḫa-at | ap-ḫa-ru | ||
| 2.sg | 𒀊𒋫𒊑 | 𒀊𒋫𒀜 | 𒀊𒄷𒌓 | |
| ap-ta-ri | ap-ta-at | ap-ḫu-ut | ||
| 3.sg | 𒀊𒉺𒊑, 𒀊𒋫𒊑 | 𒀊𒋫𒀜 | 𒀊𒉺𒊒, 𒀊𒋫𒊒 | |
| ap-pa-ri, ap-ta-ri | ap-ta-at | ap-pa-ru, ap-ta-ru | ||
| 1.pl | 𒀊𒁍𒉿𒀸𒋫 | 𒀊𒁍𒉿𒀸𒋫𒀜 | 𒀊𒁍𒉿𒀸𒋫𒀜 | |
| ap-pu-wa-aš-ta | ap-pu-wa-aš-ta-at | ap-pu-wa-aš-ta-at | ||
| 2.pl | 𒀊𒁺𒈠 | 𒀊𒁺𒈠𒀜 | 𒀊𒌅𒈠𒀜 | |
| ap-du-ma | ap-du-ma-at | ap-tu-ma-at | ||
| 3.pl | 𒀊𒉺𒀭𒋫𒊑 | 𒀊𒉺𒀭𒋫𒀜 | 𒀀𒀭𒋫𒊒 | |
| ap-pa-an-ta-ri | ap-pa-an-ta-at | ap-pa-an-ta-ru | ||
Related terms
- 𒉺𒀀𒄿 (pa-a-i)
References
- Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “epp-zi / app-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 242–243
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