πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +β€Ž *πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½ (*swōgan, from Proto-Germanic *swōganΔ…) +β€Ž -𐌾𐌰𐌽 (-jan).

Verb

πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (gaswōgjan) (perfective)

  1. (hapax) to sigh, groan
    • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Mark 7:34:
      𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒΏπƒπƒπŒ°πŒΉπŒ·π…πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ 𐌳𐌿 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐌰 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ° 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌡𐌰𐌸 𐌳𐌿 𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰: πŒ°πŒΉπ†π†πŒ°πŒΈπŒ°, πŒΈπŒ°π„πŒ΄πŒΉ πŒΉπƒπ„: πŒΏπƒπŒ»πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½.
      jah ussaihwands du himina gaswōgida jah qaþ du imma: aiffaþa, þatei ist: uslukn.
      And looking up to heaven, he sighed, and saith unto him, Ephphatha, that is, Be opened. (KJV)

Conjugation
Class 1 weak
Infinitive πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
gaswōgjan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°
gaswōgja		 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
gaswōgida		 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
gaswōgjada
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
gaswōgeis		 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
gaswōgidΔ“s		 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
gaswōgjaza
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gaswōgeiΓΎ		 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
gaswōgida		 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
gaswōgjada
1st dual πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπ‰πƒ
gaswōgjōs		 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏ
gaswōgidΔ“du		 β€”
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
gaswōgjats		 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
gaswōgidΔ“duts		 β€”
1st plural πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ
gaswōgjam		 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
gaswōgidΔ“dum		 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gaswōgjanda
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gaswōgeiΓΎ		 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
gaswōgidΔ“duΓΎ		 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gaswōgjanda
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
gaswōgjand		 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
gaswōgidΔ“dun		 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gaswōgjanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
gaswōgjau		 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
gaswōgidΔ“djau		 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gaswōgjaidau
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
gaswōgjais		 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
gaswōgidΔ“deis		 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
gaswōgjaizau
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ
gaswōgjai		 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ
gaswōgidΔ“di		 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gaswōgjaidau
1st dual πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
gaswōgjaiwa		 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
gaswōgidΔ“deiwa		 β€”
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
gaswōgjaits		 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
gaswōgidΔ“deits		 β€”
1st plural πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
gaswōgjaima		 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
gaswōgidΔ“deima		 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gaswōgjaindau
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
gaswōgjaiΓΎ		 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gaswōgidΔ“deiΓΎ		 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gaswōgjaindau
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
gaswōgjaina		 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
gaswōgidΔ“deina		 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gaswōgjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒ΄πŒΉ
gaswōgei
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gaswōgjadau
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
gaswōgjats
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gaswōgeiþ
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gaswōgjandau
Present Past
Participles πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
gaswōgjands		 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…π‰πŒ²πŒΉπŒΈπƒ
gaswōgiþs

Further reading
  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 136
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