섬

섬 U+C12C, 섬
HANGUL SYLLABLE SEOM
Composition:ㅅ + ㅓ + ㅁ
← 섫
[U+C12B] 		Hangul Syllables 섭 →
[U+C12D]
서석섞섟선섡섢
섣설섥섦섧섨섩
섪섫섬섭섮섯섰
성섲섳섴섵섶섷
섀 ←→ 세

Jeju

Etymology

Cognate with Korean 섬 (seom).

Pronunciation
  • (Morphophonemic) IPA(key): ⫽səm⫽
  • (Jeju City) IPA(key): [sʰəm]
  • Phonetic hangul: [섬]
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?seom
Revised Romanization (translit.)?seom
Yale Romanization?sem

Noun

섬 (seom)

  1. island

References
  • “섬” in Andrew Cheng; K. David Harrison, Jeju-eo Talking Dictionary, Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages, 2014.

Korean

Etymology 1

First attested in the Hunminjeong'eum haerye (訓民正音解例 / 훈민정음해례), 1446, as Middle Korean 셤〯 (Yale: syěm).

Possibly related to Baekje 斯麻 (*syema, “island”) and Japanese 島 (shima, “island”).[1]

Pronunciation
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰɘ(ː)m]
  • Phonetic hangul: [섬(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?seom
Revised Romanization (translit.)?seom
McCune–Reischauer?sŏm
Yale Romanization?sēm
  • South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 섬의 / 섬에 / 섬까지

    Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes low pitch, and heightens the pitch of two subsequent suffixed syllables.

Noun

섬 • (seom)

  1. island, islet or insular
Derived terms
  • 돌섬 (dolseom)
  • 모래섬 (moraeseom)
  • 바위섬 (bawiseom)
  • 섬나라 (seomnara)
  • 섬마을 (seomma'eul)
  • 섬참새 (seomchamsae)

Etymology 2

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 셤〮 (Yale: syém).

Pronunciation
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?seom
Revised Romanization (translit.)?seom
McCune–Reischauer?sŏm
Yale Romanization?sem

Noun

섬 • (seom)

  1. straw bag / sack (used to hold grain)
Derived terms
  • 겻섬 (gyeotseom)
  • 볏섬 (byeotseom)
  • 섬거적 (seomgeojeok)
  • 섬밥 (seombap)
  • 섬벼 (seombyeo)
  • 섬통 (seomtong)
  • 숯섬 (sutseom)
  • 쌀섬 (ssalseom)

Counter

섬 • (seom)

  1. a seom, a traditional Korean unit of volume equal to approximately 180 litres; mostly used when measuring grain such as rice
    Synonym: 석(石) (seok)

Etymology 3

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 섬〮 (Yale: sém).

Pronunciation
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?seom
Revised Romanization (translit.)?seom
McCune–Reischauer?sŏm
Yale Romanization?sem

Noun

섬 • (seom)

  1. (uncommon in isolation) stone stairsteps (in traditional houses)
Derived terms

Etymology 4

Sino-Korean word from 銛.

Pronunciation
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?seom
Revised Romanization (translit.)?seom
McCune–Reischauer?sŏm
Yale Romanization?sem

Noun

섬 • (seom) (hanja 銛)

  1. (rare) Synonym of 작살 (jaksal, “(fishing) harpoon”)
Derived terms

Etymology 5

See the main entry.

Verb

섬 • (seom)

  1. verbal noun of 서다 (seoda, “to stand”)

Etymology 6

Korean reading of various Chinese characters.

Syllable

섬 (seom)

Extended content
  1. 纖:
    (MC reading: 纖 (MC sjem))
  2. 殲: annihilation
    (eumhun reading: 다죽일 섬 (dajugil seom))
    (MC reading: 殲 (MC tsjem))
  3. 閃: flash
    (eumhun reading: 번쩍일 섬 (beonjjeogil seom))
    (MC reading: 閃 (MC syemX|syemH))
  4. 蟾:
    (MC reading: 蟾 (MC tsyem|dzyem))
  5. 暹:
    (MC reading: 暹 (MC sjem))
  6. 贍:
    (MC reading: 贍 (MC dzyemH))
  7. 剡:
    (MC reading: 剡 (MC yemX|dzyemX))
  8. 陝:
    (MC reading: 陝 (MC syemX))
  9. 孅:
    (MC reading: 孅 (MC sjem))
  10. 憸:
    (MC reading: 憸 (MC sjem|tshjem|xjemX|tshjemX))
  11. 摻:
    (MC reading: 摻 (MC sream|sreamX))
  12. 睒:
    (MC reading: 睒 (MC syemX|thamH))
  13. 譫:
    (MC reading: 譫 (MC dap|tsyap))
  14. 銛:
    (MC reading: 銛 (MC sjem|themX|kwat))
  15. 韱:
    (MC reading: 韱 (MC sjem))

References
  1. Vovin, Alexander (2013) “From Koguryo to T'amna”, in Korean Linguistics‎, volume 15, number 2 (PDF), John Benjamins Publishing Company, →DOI, pages 222-240.

Middle Korean

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /sə́m/

Noun

섬〮 (sém)

  1. stairstep
    • 1459, 月印釋譜 / 월인석보 [Worin Seokbo], page 2:27a:
      階(갱)砌(촁〮)ᄂᆞᆫ〮 서〮미라〮
      KÀY.CHYÉY-nón sém-ìlá
      [The Chinese word] 階砌 means, "step."

Descendants
  • Korean: 섬 (seom)
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