鷹

See also: 鹰
鷹 U+9DF9, 鷹
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9DF9
← 鷸
[U+9DF8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鷺 →
[U+9DFA]

Translingual

Han character

鷹 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+13, 24 strokes, cangjie input 戈土竹日火 (IGHAF), four-corner 00227, composition ⿸䧹鳥)

Derived characters
  • 𪿅, 𬷺, 𪈾

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1501, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47377
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2031, character 26
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4666, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+9DF9

Chinese
trad. 鷹
simp. 鹰
2nd round simp. ⿰应鸟
alternative forms 䧹

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (鷹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
應 *qɯŋ, *qɯŋs
鷹 *qɯŋ
膺 *qɯŋ
譍 *qɯŋs
噟 *qɯŋs

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯŋ) : phonetic 䧹 (OC *qɯŋ, “eagle; hawk”) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).

Etymology

This word is possibly related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-la(ŋ/k) (“bird of prey”), which is likely a loan from Proto-Mon-Khmer *laŋ ~ *laaŋ ~ *laiŋ (“large raptor”) > Proto-Bahnaric *klaːŋ (“hawk”), Proto-Palaungic *klaːŋ (“kite”), Mon လနေၚ် (“kite”), Khmer ខ្លែង (khlaeng, “kite”); within Tibeto-Burman, compare Tibetan གླག (glag, “eagle; vulture”), Burmese လင်းတ (lang:ta., “vulture”), Jingpho lang (“bird of the falcon family”) (Benedict, 1972; STEDT).

This word agrees better with Tibetan སྐྱིང་སེར (skying ser, “eagle; vulture”) if the Old Chinese is reconstructed as *s-ki̯əŋ (Benedict, 1990; Schuessler, 2007); Benedict (1976) reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kiŋ for this, which Benedict (1990) suggests is the native Sino-Tibetan root.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 鷹
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 蒸 (133)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於陵切
Baxter 'ing
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʔɨŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʔɨŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʔieŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʔiŋ/
Li
Rong		 /ʔiəŋ/
Wang
Li		 /ĭəŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʔi̯əŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yīng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 jing1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鷹
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yīng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ʔing ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[q](r)əŋ/
English eagle, falcon

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鷹
Reading # 1/1
No. 15347
Phonetic
component		 鷹
Rime
group		 蒸
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 膺
Old
Chinese		 /*qɯŋ/
Notes 說文正體從隹瘖省聲，
此爲籀文

Definitions

鷹

  1. a bird of prey of Accipitriformes (eagles, hawks, kites, vultures), Falconiformes (falcons) or Strigiformes (owls)
    禿鷹／秃鹰  ―  tūyīng  ―  vulture
    雀鷹／雀鹰  ―  quèyīng  ―  sparrowhawk
    貓頭鷹／猫头鹰  ―  māotóuyīng  ―  owl

Compounds
  • 兀鷹／兀鹰 (wùyīng)
  • 南鷂北鷹／南鹞北鹰
  • 夜鷹／夜鹰 (yèyīng)
  • 天鷹星座／天鹰星座
  • 如鷹在籠／如鹰在笼
  • 按鷹／按鹰
  • 放鷹／放鹰 (fàngyīng)
  • 放鷹逐犬／放鹰逐犬
  • 熬鷹／熬鹰
  • 犬牙鷹爪／犬牙鹰爪
  • 獵鷹／猎鹰 (lièyīng)
  • 禿鷹／秃鹰 (tūyīng)
  • 老鷹／老鹰 (lǎoyīng)
  • 蒼鷹／苍鹰 (cāngyīng)
  • 虎嘯鷹揚／虎啸鹰扬
  • 虎視鷹瞵／虎视鹰瞵
  • 見兔放鷹／见兔放鹰
  • 角鷹／角鹰
  • 貓頭鷹／猫头鹰 (māotóuyīng)
  • 雀鷹／雀鹰
  • 韝上鷹／𫖕上鹰
  • 飛鷹走犬／飞鹰走犬
  • 飛鷹走狗／飞鹰走狗
  • 飛鷹走馬／飞鹰走马
  • 飢鷹餓虎／饥鹰饿虎
  • 餓虎飢鷹／饿虎饥鹰
  • 魚鷹／鱼鹰 (yúyīng)
  • 鷂鷹／鹞鹰 (yàoyīng)
  • 鷹勾鼻／鹰勾鼻
  • 鷹師／鹰师
  • 鷹式飛彈／鹰式飞弹
  • 鷹抓燕雀／鹰抓燕雀
  • 鷹揚／鹰扬 (yīngyáng)
  • 鷹揚宴／鹰扬宴
  • 鷹揚虎視／鹰扬虎视
  • 鷹擊毛摯／鹰击毛挚
  • 鷹架／鹰架
  • 鷹洋／鹰洋 (yīngyáng)
  • 鷹派／鹰派 (yīngpài)
  • 鷹爪／鹰爪
  • 鷹爪功／鹰爪功
  • 鷹爪毛兒／鹰爪毛儿
  • 鷹犬／鹰犬 (yīngquǎn)
  • 鷹瞵鶚視／鹰瞵鹗视
  • 鷹視／鹰视 (yīngshì)
  • 鷹視狼步／鹰视狼步
  • 鷹視狼顧／鹰视狼顾
  • 鷹覷鶻望／鹰觑鹘望
  • 鷹鸇／鹰鹯
  • 鷹鼻鷂眼／鹰鼻鹞眼

References

Japanese

Kanji
鷹

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. eagle
  2. falcon
  3. hawk

Readings

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
鷹
たか
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese.[1] Compare Ainu タカ (taka, “hawk”).

Pronunciation

Noun

鷹(たか) or 鷹(タカ) • (taka) 

  1. a hawk (predatory bird)

Usage notes
  • As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as タカ.

Derived terms

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
鷹
くち
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 鷹 – see the following entry.
【くち】
[noun] 鷹: (obsolete) hawk
(This term, 鷹, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References
  1. Frellesvig, Bjarke, Stephen Wright Horn, et al. (eds.) (2023) “Old Japanese taka”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese‎
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

鷹 (eumhun 매 응 (mae eung))

  1. hawk; falcon (esp. the peregrine or gyrfalcon)

Vietnamese

Readings

鷹: Hán Việt readings: ưng
鷹: Nôm readings: ưng

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