馴鹿

See also: 驯鹿

Chinese
attain gradually; tame deer
trad. (馴鹿) 馴 鹿
simp. (驯鹿) 驯 鹿

Pronunciation

Noun

馴鹿

  1. (obsolete) domesticated deer
  2. reindeer

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (馴鹿):
  • → Japanese: 馴(じゅん)鹿(ろく) (junroku)
  • → Korean: 순록(馴鹿) (sullok)
  • → Vietnamese: tuần lộc (馴鹿)

Japanese
馴鹿 (tonakai, junroku): a reindeer.

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
馴 鹿
となかい
Jinmeiyō Grade: 4
jukujikun

Borrowing from Ainu,[1][2][3][4] either トナッカイ (tonakkai, recorded as Sakhalin dialect),[4][5] or トゥナㇵカィ (tunahkay, listed in contemporary Ainu sources).[6] The kanji are an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 馴鹿／驯鹿 (xùnlù).

Pronunciation

Noun

馴鹿(となかい) or 馴鹿(トナカイ) • (tonakai) 

  1. a reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)
Usage notes
  • As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as トナカイ. The kanji spelling is also less common in general use.
Synonyms

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
馴 鹿
じゅん
Jinmeiyō		 ろく
Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 馴鹿 (MC zwin luwk, “tame, docile + deer”). Compare modern Cantonese readings seon4 luk6, seon4 luk6-2, Mandarin xùnlù, xúnlù, Korean 순록 (sullok), and Vietnamese tuần lộc.

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) じゅんろく [jùńrókú] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [d͡ʑɨ̃ᵝnɾo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

馴(じゅん)鹿(ろく) • (junroku) 

  1. (rare) a reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)

References
  1. “馴鹿”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. John Batchelor (1905) An Ainu-English-Japanese dictionary (including a grammar of the Ainu language)‎, Tokyo, London: Methodist Publishing House; Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner Co., page 450
  6. 中級アイヌ語―美幌― (Chūkyū Ainu-go - Bihoro, “Intermediate Ainu: Bihoro”)‎ (in Japanese), Sapporo, Hokkaidō: 財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, “Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture”), 2011
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