辛勞

See also: 辛劳

Chinese

		8th heavenly stem; tired	toil
trad. (辛勞)		辛	勞
simp. (辛劳)		辛	劳

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xīnláo

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄣㄌㄠˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): san¹ lou⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sin-lô / sin-lô͘

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xīnláo
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣㄌㄠˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sinláo
  - Wade–Giles: hsin¹-lao²
  - Yale: syīn-láu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shinlau
  - Palladius: синьлао (sinʹlao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: san¹ lou⁴
  - Yale: sān lòuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: san¹ lou⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: sen¹ lou⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐn⁵⁵ lou̯²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sin-lô
  - Tâi-lô: sin-lô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sinlooi
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sin⁴⁴⁻²² lo¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /sin⁴⁴⁻²² lo²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sin⁴⁴⁻³³ lɤ²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /sin⁴⁴⁻³³ lo²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sin-lô͘
  - Tâi-lô: sin-lôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sinloo
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sin³³ lɔ²⁴/

Adjective

辛勞

laborious; painstaking

Synonyms

不容易 (bùróngyì)
勤 (qín) (literary, or in compounds)
困難／困难
疑難／疑难 (yínán)
良苦 (liángkǔ) (literary)
艱巨／艰巨 (jiānjù)
艱苦／艰苦 (jiānkǔ)
艱難／艰难 (jiānnán)
苦難／苦难 (kǔnàn)
辛苦 (xīnkǔ)
難／难

Verb

辛勞

to toil

Noun

辛勞

toil; hard work; suffering
(Southern Min) shop assistant; employee

Synonyms

(toil): 艱苦／艰苦 (jiānkǔ), 勞苦／劳苦 (láokǔ), 辛苦 (xīnkǔ)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (辛勞):

→ Japanese: 辛労(しんろう) (shinrō)
→ Korean: 신로(辛勞) (sillo)

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