諸侯

See also: 诸侯

Chinese

		all; many; various	marquis
trad. (諸侯)		諸	侯
simp. (诸侯)		诸	侯

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhūhóu

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄏㄡˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zyu¹ hau⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chir-hiô / chu-hô͘

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhūhóu
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄏㄡˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhuhóu
  - Wade–Giles: chu¹-hou²
  - Yale: jū-hóu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juhour
  - Palladius: чжухоу (čžuxou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ xoʊ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zyu¹ hau⁴
  - Yale: jyū hàuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzy¹ hau⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ju¹ heo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡syː⁵⁵ hɐu̯²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chir-hiô
  - Tâi-lô: tsir-hiô
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ³³ hio²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chu-hô͘
  - Tâi-lô: tsu-hôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zu'hoo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² hɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² hɔ¹³/

Middle Chinese: tsyo huw

Rime
Character	諸	侯
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	章魚切	戸鉤切
Baxter	tsyo	huw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨʌ/	/ɦəu/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɔ/	/ɦəu/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiɔ/	/ɣəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cɨə̆/	/ɦəw/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiɔ/	/ɣu/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭo/	/ɣəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯wo/	/ɣə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhū	hóu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zyu¹	hau⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ta [ɡ]ˤ(r)o/

(Zhengzhang): /*tjaː ɡoː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	諸	侯
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhū	hóu
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyo ›	‹ huw ›
Old Chinese	/*ta/	/*[ɡ]ˁ(r)o/
English	many	feudal lord
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	諸	侯
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	16959	5139
Phonetic component	者	侯
Rime group	魚	侯
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	遮
Old Chinese	/*tjaː/	/*ɡoː/
Notes		矦隸變

Noun

諸侯

(historical) feudal lord; feudal vassal; member of the Chinese nobility

Synonyms

百辟 (bǎibì)
列侯 (lièhóu)

Derived terms

五諸侯／五诸侯
八百諸侯／八百诸侯
十二諸侯／十二诸侯
命諸侯／命诸侯
挾天子以令諸侯／挟天子以令诸侯 (xié tiānzǐ yǐ lìng zhūhóu)
挾天子令諸侯／挟天子令诸侯
挾天子而令諸侯／挟天子而令诸侯
東諸侯／东诸侯
猥諸侯／猥诸侯
諸侯國／诸侯国 (zhūhóuguó)
諸侯王／诸侯王
諸侯長／诸侯长

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (諸侯):

→ Japanese: 諸侯(しょこう) (shokō)
→ Korean: 제후(諸侯) (jehu)
→ Vietnamese: chư hầu (諸侯)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
諸	侯
しょ Grade: 6	こう Grade: S
kan’on

Alternative spelling
諸侯 (kyūjitai)

Etymology

諸 (pluralizing prefix) +‎ 侯 (“nobleman; marquis”)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しょこー [shóꜜkòò] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [ɕo̞ko̞ː]

Noun

諸(しょ)侯(こう) • (shokō)

(historical, feudalism) noblemen, especially those with familial ties to an East Asian 皇帝 (kōtei, “huangdi; emperor”), who were ranked by the 五爵 (goshaku, “five ranks”)

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